Low cost and real-time surveillance of enteric infection and diarrhoeal disease using rapid diagnostic tests: A pilot study

Low cost and real-time surveillance of enteric infection and diarrhoeal disease using rapid diagnostic tests: A pilot study
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使用快速诊断测试对肠道感染和腹泻病进行低成本实时监测:一项试点研究

DOI:
10.1101/2022.03.07.22271752
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
--
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Watson S
Watson S
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--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Watson S

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背景实时疾病监测是高危人群感染控制的重要组成部分。然而,在许多资源匮乏的环境中,往往无法获得病例数据或实验室检测数据。快速诊断测试(RDT),包括免疫层析测定,可以提供一个低成本,加快来源的感染data.MethodsWe进行了一个试点调查为基础的流行病学绘图研究肠道感染在营地24的难民营的强迫流离失所的罗兴亚人口从缅甸在考克斯的巴扎尔,孟加拉国。我们在2021年1月至3月和2021年9月至10月对人群进行了随机抽样,并使用RDT收集和测试了五岁以下儿童的粪便中的八种病原体。贝叶斯地理空间统计模型允许不完善的敏感性和特异性的testsadapted.ResultsWe收集和测试396和181粪便在两个数据收集轮。校正的患病率估计值范围为0.5%(诺如病毒)至27.4%(贾第虫)。大肠杆菌O 157、弯曲杆菌和隐孢子虫在营地高密度区的患病率较高,概率相对较高(70-95%),而腺病毒、诺如病毒和轮状病毒在水氯化程度高的地区较低。聚集的情况下,贾第虫和志贺氏菌也观察到,虽然与相对较高的不确定性。ConclusionsWith适当的校正诊断性能RDTs可以用来产生可靠的患病率估计,地图,以及校准的不确定性估计在一个显着低于成本比实验室为基础的研究,提供了一个有用的方法,在这些设置疾病监测。
BackgroundReal-time disease surveillance is an important component of infection control in at-risk populations. However, data on cases or from lab testing is often not available in many low-resource settings. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDT), including immunochromatographic assays, may provide a low cost, expedited source of infection data.MethodsWe conducted a pilot survey-based prevalence mapping study of enteric infection in Camp 24 of the camps for the forcibly displaced Rohingya population from Myanmar in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. We randomly sampled the population and collected and tested stool from under-fives for eight pathogens using RDTs in January–March 2021 and September–October 2021. A Bayesian geospatial statistical model allowing for imperfect sensitivity and specificity of the tests was adapted.ResultsWe collected and tested 396 and 181 stools in the two data collection rounds. Corrected prevalence estimates ranged from 0.5% (Norovirus) to 27.4% (Giardia). Prevalence ofEscherichia coliO157, Campylobacter, and Cryptosporidium were predicted to be higher in the high density area of the camp with relatively high probability (70–95%), while Adenovirus, Norovirus, and Rotavirus were lower in the areas with high water chlorination. Clustering of cases of Giardia and Shigella was also observed, although associated with relatively high uncertainty.ConclusionsWith an appropriate correction for diagnostic performance RDTs can be used to generate reliable prevalence estimates, maps, and well-calibrated uncertainty estimates at a significantly lower cost than lab-based studies, providing a useful approach for disease surveillance in these settings.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.08.014
发表时间: 2012-12
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Kim HS;Hyun J;Kim JS;Song W;Kang HJ;Lee KM
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