A History of Modern Research into Fasting, Starvation, and Inanition
A History of Modern Research into Fasting, Starvation, and Inanition
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禁食、饥饿和营养不良的现代研究史
DOI：
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Y. Lemaho
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Lignot;Y. Lemaho
禁食和饥饿（长时间禁食）是最严重的营养不良形式，由于生理、营养或行为的限制，水生和陆生物种都会经历这种情况。迁徙、变态、繁殖和蜕皮是主要的内源性因素，而食物缺乏、不可预测的取食时间、偏远的取食地以及环境和气候变化是其他外部但同样具有决定性的因素。当临界饥饿期结束时，它可能需要逐渐重新进食，引起营养变化，也会引起永久性损伤。因此，了解在食物剥夺和重新进食阶段的不同调整一直是生理学的目标。在这一领域，大多数关注能量摄入和能量消耗不平衡的生理后果的研究都认为时间是主要的功能。然而，自20世纪70年代末/ 80年代初和早期研究的“重新发现”以来，一些研究人员认为饥饿是一系列连续的不同代谢阶段，包括短暂的初始适应期，然后是以脂肪氧化为特征的第二阶段。此时，体内储存的脂质尚未完全耗尽，随后进入第三个非病理性和可逆的阶段，在此期间，能量需求主要来自蛋白质利用的增加。如果延长，这一阶段可能导致一个关键的致命终点，即使有食物可用。最近的研究调查了触发行为变化的警报信号，如弃巢和重新进食，并研究了食物剥夺时复杂的激素和代谢调节，如在啮齿动物长期禁食期间观察到的载脂蛋白A-IV水平的显着降低。这一领域的新挑战涉及由于人类活动而面临日益增加的粮食限制的严重破坏的人口。
Fasting and starvation (prolonged fasting), are the most severe forms of malnutrition, and are experienced by aquatic and terrestrial species due to physiological, nutritional, or behavioral constraints. Migration, metamorphosis, reproduction, and molting are among the main endogenous factors, while food paucity, unpredictable feeding times, remote feeding grounds, and environmental and climatic changes are other external but similarly decisive cues. When the critical starving period is over, it can necessitate gradual refeeding, induce nutritional shifts, and also induce permanent damage. It has, therefore, always been a goal in physiology to understand the different adjustments during food deprivation and refeeding phases. In this field, most of the studies focusing on the physiological consequences of the imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure have considered time to be the main function. However, since the late 1970s/early 1980s and the "rediscovery" of earlier studies, some researchers have considered starvation to be a continuous series of different metabolic phases composed of a short initial period of adaptation followed by a second phase characterized by fat oxidation. At this point, body lipid stores are not fully exhausted and a third nonpathological and reversible phase follows during which energy requirements are mostly derived from increased protein utilization. If prolonged, this phase can lead to a critical lethal endpoint, even if food becomes available. More recent studies have investigated the alarm signal that triggers behavioral changes such as nest abandonment and refeeding, and have also examined complex hormonal and metabolic regulations in response to food deprivation, such as the marked reduction of apolipoprotein A-IV levels observed in rodents during long-term fasting. The new challenges in this field concern the severely disrupted populations faced with increasing food restrictions due to anthropization.
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DOI：
10.1152/ajpendo.1980.239.4.e269
发表时间：
1980
期刊：
The American journal of physiology
影响因子：
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作者：
Goodman,MN;Ruderman,NB
通讯作者：
Ruderman,NB
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Tzika AC;Helaers R;Schramm G;Milinkovitch MC
通讯作者：
Milinkovitch MC
腔内和全身信号触发幼年蟒蛇的肠道适应。
DOI：
10.1152/ajpgi.2000.279.6.g1177
发表时间：
2000
期刊：
American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Secor,SM;Whang,EE;Lane,JS;Ashley,SW;Diamond,J
通讯作者：
Diamond,J
DOI：
10.1016/s1096-4959(01)00314-1
发表时间：
2001-06-01
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Kelley, KM;Haigwood, JT;Galima, MM
通讯作者：
Galima, MM
DOI：
10.1152/ajpregu.1997.272.3.r902
发表时间：
1997-03
期刊：
The American journal of physiology
影响因子：
--
作者：
S. Secor;J. Diamond
通讯作者：
S. Secor;J. Diamond