Altruism in time: social temporal discounting differentiates smokers from problem drinkers.
Altruism in time: social temporal discounting differentiates smokers from problem drinkers.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00213-012-2745-6
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发表时间：
2012-11
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Gatchalian, K. M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bickel, W. K.;Jarmolowicz, D. P.;Mueller, E. T.;Franck, C. T.;Carrin, C.;Gatchalian, K. M.
最近的研究在社会情况下的评估者为精神疾病的研究提供了信息。社会时间折扣可能是一种方法来检查社会背景的延迟货币贬值的影响。在之前对非药物使用群体的研究中，我们证明了个体对延迟奖励的贴现速度较慢（即，更重视未来）为他们所属的群体而不是为自己。目前的研究探讨了吸烟和饮酒水平与延迟率和社会时间折扣的关系。在这项研究中，我们使用众包技术联系了大量的个人（N =796）。其中一些人是危险到有害的饮酒者（n= 269），而其他人是非问题饮酒者（n=523）;一些人是吸烟者（n= 182），而其他人是非吸烟者（n=614）。延迟折扣问卷的个人奖励（我现在，我以后）和团体奖励（我们现在，我们以后;我现在，我们以后）被用来衡量个人的折扣率在各种社会背景。我们的分析发现，在所有条件下，吸烟者比对照组更快地贴现延迟奖励。然而，危险到有害的饮酒者折扣延迟奖励显着更快地比非问题饮酒者的个人条件下，但不是在社会条件下。这些发现表明，使用不同的滥用药物可能与过度折扣在个人条件下，并有选择性的影响时，折扣为一组在社会条件。
Recent studies on reinforcer valuation in social situations have informed research on mental illness. Social temporal discounting may be a way to examine effects of social context on the devaluation of delayed reinforcers. In prior research with non-drug-using groups we demonstrated that individuals discount delayed rewards less rapidly (i.e., value the future more) for a group of which they are a member than they do for themselves alone. The current study examined how cigarette smoking and level of alcohol use relate to rates of delay and social temporal discounting. In this study, we used crowd-sourcing technology to contact a large number of individuals (N =796). Some of these individuals were hazardous-to-harmful drinkers (n= 269) whereas others were non-problem drinkers (n=523); some were smokers (n= 182) whereas others were non-smokers (n=614). Delay discounting questionnaires for individual rewards (me now, me later) and for group rewards (we now, we later; me now, we later) were used to measure individuals’ discounting rates across various social contexts. Our analyses found that smokers discounted delayed rewards more rapidly than controls under all conditions. However, hazardous-to-harmful drinkers discounted delayed rewards significantly more rapidly than the non-problem drinkers under the individual condition, but not under the social conditions. These finding suggests that the use of different abused drugs may be associated with excessive discounting in the individual condition and have selective effects when discounting for a group in the social conditions.
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影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Bickel, Warren K.;Landes, Reid D.;Christensen, Darren R.;Jackson, Lisa;Jones, Bryan A.;Kurth-Nelson, Zeb;Redish, A. David
通讯作者：
Redish, A. David
影响因子：
13.5
作者：
Bickel, Warren K.;Jarmolowicz, David P.;Mueller, E. Terry;Koffarnus, Mikhail N.;Gatchalian, Kirstin M.
通讯作者：
Gatchalian, Kirstin M.
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Johnson, MW;Bickel, WK
通讯作者：
Bickel, WK
DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.5319-08.2009
发表时间：
2009-07-08
期刊：
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bickel WK;Pitcock JA;Yi R;Angtuaco EJ
通讯作者：
Angtuaco EJ
影响因子：
8.2
作者：
Jones, B;Rachlin, H
通讯作者：
Rachlin, H