The Deep Origin and Recent Loss of Venom Toxin Genes in Rattlesnakes.
The Deep Origin and Recent Loss of Venom Toxin Genes in Rattlesnakes.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2016.07.038
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发表时间：
2016-09-26
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Carroll, Sean B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dowell, Noah L.;Giorgianni, Matt W.;Kassner, Victoria A.;Selegue, Jane E.;Sanchez, Elda E.;Carroll, Sean B.
新性状的遗传起源是进化生物学中一个核心但具有挑战性的难题。在蛇类中，磷脂酶A2（PLA 2）相关毒素在不同的谱系中进化为有效的神经毒素、肌毒素或血毒素。在这里，我们追踪基因组的起源和进化的PLA 2毒素检查PLA 2基因的数量，组织和表达的神经毒性和非神经毒性响尾蛇。我们发现，尽管大多数北美响尾蛇不产生神经毒素，但一种专门的异二聚体神经毒素的基因早于响尾蛇的起源，并存在于它们最后的共同祖先（约2200万年）中。然后在导致西部响尾蛇（响尾蛇）和东部响尾蛇（响尾蛇）的谱系中独立地删除神经毒素基因。adamanteus）响尾蛇（约600万年），而C. atrox从神经毒性的莫哈韦响尾蛇（C. scutulatus; ~ 4mya）。PLA 2基因数量的快速进化似乎是由于转座子入侵，为非等位基因同源重组提供了模板。
The genetic origin of novel traits is a central but challenging puzzle in evolutionary biology. Among snakes, phospholipase A2 (PLA2)-related toxins have evolved in different lineages to function as potent neurotoxins, myotoxins, or hemotoxins. Here, we traced the genomic origin and evolution of PLA2 toxins by examining PLA2 gene number, organization, and expression in both neurotoxic and non-neurotoxic rattlesnakes. We found that even though most North American rattlesnakes do not produce neurotoxins, the genes of a specialized heterodimeric neurotoxin predate the origin of rattlesnakes and were present in their last common ancestor (~22 mya). The neurotoxin genes were then deleted independently in the lineages leading to the Western Diamondback (Crotalus atrox) and Eastern Diamondback (C. adamanteus) rattlesnakes (~6 mya), while a PLA2 myotoxin gene retained in C. atrox was deleted from the neurotoxic Mojave rattlesnake (C. scutulatus; ~4 mya). The rapid evolution of PLA2 gene number appears to be due to transposon invasion that provided a template for non-allelic homologous recombination.
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影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Hargreaves AD;Swain MT;Hegarty MJ;Logan DW;Mulley JF
通讯作者：
Mulley JF
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Fry, Bryan G.;Casewell, Nicholas R.;Jackson, Timothy N. W.
通讯作者：
Jackson, Timothy N. W.
DOI：
10.1093/bioinformatics/btq413
发表时间：
2010-09-15
期刊：
Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Guy L;Kultima JR;Andersson SG
通讯作者：
Andersson SG
DOI：
10.1186/1755-8417-1-4
发表时间：
2008-11-03
期刊：
PathoGenetics
影响因子：
--
作者：
Gu W;Zhang F;Lupski JR
通讯作者：
Lupski JR
影响因子：
14.8
作者：
通讯作者：
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