Small room for compromise between oil palm cultivation and primate conservation in Africa.
Small room for compromise between oil palm cultivation and primate conservation in Africa.
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非洲油棕种植和灵长类动物保护之间的妥协余地很小。
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1804775115
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发表时间：
2018-08-28
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
A Wich S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Strona G;Stringer SD;Vieilledent G;Szantoi Z;Garcia-Ulloa J;A Wich S
虽然油棕榈种植是许多热带国家的重要收入来源，但其未来的扩大是对热带森林和生物多样性的主要威胁。在这种情况下，特别是在工业棕榈油生产仍在兴起的地区，确定“妥协领域”，即生产力高而生物多样性重要性低的地区，可能是协调保护和经济增长的独特机会。我们将这种方法应用于非洲，将油棕榈适宜性数据与灵长类动物分布，多样性和脆弱性相结合。我们发现，这种妥协的地区在整个非洲大陆非常罕见（0.13 Mha），而且非洲大规模扩大油棕榈种植将对灵长类动物产生不可避免的负面影响。尽管人们越来越认识到油棕榈对热带生物多样性的有害影响，但由于全球需求、利润以及油棕榈为生产国提供的收入机会，土地转用油棕榈的情况继续迅速增加。虽然大多数工业油棕榈种植园位于东南亚，但有人认为，未来的大部分扩张将发生在非洲。我们通过将油棕榈适宜性和当前土地利用的信息与灵长类动物的分布、多样性和脆弱性相结合，评估了这对非洲大陆灵长类动物的影响。我们还量化了大规模油棕榈种植对灵长类动物的潜在影响，在不同的扩张情景下，考虑到未来的需求，油棕榈的适用性，人类可及性，碳储量和灵长类动物的脆弱性。我们发现高油棕适宜性地区和灵长类动物高度保护优先地区之间存在高度重叠。总的来说，我们在非洲只发现了几个可以种植油棕的小区域，对灵长类动物的影响很小（3.3 Mha，包括所有适合种植油棕的区域）。这些结果警告说，与棕榈油种植对东南亚生物多样性的巨大影响相一致，调和非洲大规模发展油棕榈与灵长类动物保护将是一个巨大的挑战。
Although oil palm cultivation represents an important source of income for many tropical countries, its future expansion is a primary threat to tropical forests and biodiversity. In this context, and especially in regions where industrial palm oil production is still emerging, identifying “areas of compromise,” that is, areas with high productivity and low biodiversity importance, could be a unique opportunity to reconcile conservation and economic growth. We applied this approach to Africa, by combining data on oil palm suitability with primate distribution, diversity, and vulnerability. We found that such areas of compromise are very rare throughout the continent (0.13 Mha), and that large-scale expansion of oil palm cultivation in Africa will have unavoidable, negative effects on primates. Despite growing awareness about its detrimental effects on tropical biodiversity, land conversion to oil palm continues to increase rapidly as a consequence of global demand, profitability, and the income opportunity it offers to producing countries. Although most industrial oil palm plantations are located in Southeast Asia, it is argued that much of their future expansion will occur in Africa. We assessed how this could affect the continent’s primates by combining information on oil palm suitability and current land use with primate distribution, diversity, and vulnerability. We also quantified the potential impact of large-scale oil palm cultivation on primates in terms of range loss under different expansion scenarios taking into account future demand, oil palm suitability, human accessibility, carbon stock, and primate vulnerability. We found a high overlap between areas of high oil palm suitability and areas of high conservation priority for primates. Overall, we found only a few small areas where oil palm could be cultivated in Africa with a low impact on primates (3.3 Mha, including all areas suitable for oil palm). These results warn that, consistent with the dramatic effects of palm oil cultivation on biodiversity in Southeast Asia, reconciling a large-scale development of oil palm in Africa with primate conservation will be a great challenge.
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