Toward Characterizing Lymphatic Vasculature in the Mammary Gland During Normal Development and Tumor-Associated Remodeling.

Toward Characterizing Lymphatic Vasculature in the Mammary Gland During Normal Development and Tumor-Associated Remodeling.
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DOI:
10.1007/s10911-023-09554-w
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发表时间:
2024-01-13
影响因子:
2.5
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
医学4区
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--
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淋巴血管系统已被证明能促进乳腺癌的转移性扩散。淋巴血管由较大的集合血管和较小的毛细血管组成,有专门的细胞连接,促进细胞内渗。正常情况下,这些连接点被设计用来收集免疫细胞和其他细胞成分,用于淋巴结的免疫监视,但它们也被癌细胞利用来促进转移。尽管人体淋巴系统的整体发育已被很好地描述,但很少有人关注乳腺淋巴网络在妊娠、哺乳期和产后复发等重塑阶段的变化。在这篇综述中,我们旨在定义目前已知的淋巴管生成因素和乳腺形态发生过程中的淋巴重塑事件。此外,我们将乳腺发育期和产后复旧期并置,以显示促淋巴管生成信号以及上皮细胞存活的其他分子信号的相似性,这些信号在这些形态形成阶段至关重要。类似的机制包括参与基质重塑和血管生成的m2极化巨噬细胞;转录(STAT)存活和增殖信号的信号转换器和激活器;和环氧化酶2 (COX2)/前列腺素E2 (PGE2)信号通路促进导管和淋巴扩张。正常乳腺中淋巴管生成的研究和表征可以为乳腺癌中淋巴管生成和肿瘤细胞淋巴扩散的靶向机制提供见解。
Lymphatic vasculature has been shown to promote metastatic spread of breast cancer. Lymphatic vasculature, which is made up of larger collecting vessels and smaller capillaries, has specialized cell junctions that facilitate cell intravasation. Normally, these junctions are designed to collect immune cells and other cellular components for immune surveillance by lymph nodes, but they are also utilized by cancer cells to facilitate metastasis. Although lymphatic development overall in the body has been well-characterized, there has been little focus on how the lymphatic network changes in the mammary gland during stages of remodeling such as pregnancy, lactation, and postpartum involution. In this review, we aim to define the currently known lymphangiogenic factors and lymphatic remodeling events during mammary gland morphogenesis. Furthermore, we juxtapose mammary gland pubertal development and postpartum involution to show similarities of pro-lymphangiogenic signaling as well as other molecular signals for epithelial cell survival that are critical in these morphogenic stages. The similar mechanisms include involvement of M2-polarized macrophages that contribute to matrix remodeling and vasculogenesis; signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) survival and proliferation signaling; and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2)/Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) signaling to promote ductal and lymphatic expansion. Investigation and characterization of lymphangiogenesis in the normal mammary gland can provide insight to targetable mechanisms for lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic spread of tumor cells in breast cancer.
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