Cooperation in Harsh Environments and the Emergence of Spatial Patterns.

Cooperation in Harsh Environments and the Emergence of Spatial Patterns.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.chaos.2013.05.010
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发表时间:
2013-11
期刊:
Chaos, solitons, and fractals
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Smaldino PE
Smaldino PE
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Smaldino PE

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本文关注数学生物学研究的两个重要领域的汇合:空间模式形成和合作困境。社会有机体形成空间格局的机制尚未完全了解。先前的工作连接合作和模式的形成往往包括不切实际的假设,这些模型对理解真实的生物模式的适用性提出了质疑。我研究了一个更符合生物学现实的社会行为者之间的合作模型。环境是严酷的,因此与合作者的互动是生存的严格要求。粗糙度通过恒定能量扣除来实现。我表明,这个模型可以产生类似于在许多自然发生的系统中看到的空间模式。此外,对于每个支付矩阵有一个相关的临界值的能量扣除,分离两个不同的动态过程。在低苛刻的环境中,合作者集群的增长受到阻碍的叛逃者,但这些集群逐渐扩大,形成密集的树枝状图案。在非常恶劣的环境中,合作者迅速扩大,但叛逃者随后可以侵入,形成网状格局。由此产生的网状图案让人想起在黏菌菌落和其他生物系统中观察到的运输网络。
This paper concerns the confluence of two important areas of research in mathematical biology: spatial pattern formation and cooperative dilemmas. Mechanisms through which social organisms form spatial patterns are not fully understood. Prior work connecting cooperation and pattern formation has often included unrealistic assumptions that shed doubt on the applicability of those models toward understanding real biological patterns. I investigated a more biologically realistic model of cooperation among social actors. The environment is harsh, so that interactions with cooperators are strictly needed to survive. Harshness is implemented via a constant energy deduction. I show that this model can generate spatial patterns similar to those seen in many naturally-occuring systems. Moreover, for each payoff matrix there is an associated critical value of the energy deduction that separates two distinct dynamical processes. In low-harshness environments, the growth of cooperator clusters is impeded by defectors, but these clusters gradually expand to form dense dendritic patterns. In very harsh environments, cooperators expand rapidly but defectors can subsequently make inroads to form reticulated patterns. The resulting web-like patterns are reminiscent of transportation networks observed in slime mold colonies and other biological systems.
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