Space station biomining experiment demonstrates rare earth element extraction in microgravity and Mars gravity.

Space station biomining experiment demonstrates rare earth element extraction in microgravity and Mars gravity.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41467-020-19276-w
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发表时间:
2020-11-10
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
Demets R
Demets R
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Cockell CS;Santomartino R;Finster K;Waajen AC;Eades LJ;Moeller R;Rettberg P;Fuchs FM;Van Houdt R;Leys N;Coninx I;Hatton J;Parmitano L;Krause J;Koehler A;Caplin N;Zuijderduijn L;Mariani A;Pellari SS;Carubia F;Luciani G;Balsamo M;Zolesi V;Nicholson N;Loudon CM;Doswald-Winkler J;Herová M;Rattenbacher B;Wadsworth J;Craig Everroad R;Demets R

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利用微生物从岩石中开采具有重要经济意义的元素,包括用于电子工业和合金生产的稀土元素 (REE)。我们在国际空间站上进行了采矿实验,以测试微重力下从玄武岩中生物浸出稀土元素的假设,并使用三种微生物和专门设计的生物采矿反应器模拟火星和地球重力。在所有重力条件下,与非生物对照相比,干燥鞘氨醇单胞菌提高了稀土元素的平均浸出浓度。在重力条件之间没有观察到最终产量的显着差异,显示了该过程在不同重力方案下的有效性。与非生物对照相比,枯草芽孢杆菌表现出生物浸出效率降低,而 Curiavidus metallidurans 没有表现出任何差异,这表明该过程的微生物特异性,就像在地球上一样。这些数据展示了太空生物采矿的潜力以及反应堆的原理,以推动地球以外的人类工业和采矿业。稀土元素用于电子产品,但需求增加可能导致供应不足。作者在国际空间站上进行了实验,结果表明微生物可以在低重力下从岩石中提取稀有元素,这一发现可以将采矿潜力扩展到其他行星。
Microorganisms are employed to mine economically important elements from rocks, including the rare earth elements (REEs), used in electronic industries and alloy production. We carried out a mining experiment on the International Space Station to test hypotheses on the bioleaching of REEs from basaltic rock in microgravity and simulated Mars and Earth gravities using three microorganisms and a purposely designed biomining reactor. Sphingomonas desiccabilis enhanced mean leached concentrations of REEs compared to non-biological controls in all gravity conditions. No significant difference in final yields was observed between gravity conditions, showing the efficacy of the process under different gravity regimens. Bacillus subtilis exhibited a reduction in bioleaching efficacy and Cupriavidus metallidurans showed no difference compared to non-biological controls, showing the microbial specificity of the process, as on Earth. These data demonstrate the potential for space biomining and the principles of a reactor to advance human industry and mining beyond Earth. Rare earth elements are used in electronics, but increase in demand could lead to low supply. Here the authors conduct experiments on the International Space Station and show microbes can extract rare elements from rocks at low gravity, a finding that could extend mining potential to other planets.
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