Turnover of microbial lipids in the deep biosphere and growth of benthic archaeal populations

Turnover of microbial lipids in the deep biosphere and growth of benthic archaeal populations
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深层生物圈中微生物脂质的周转和底栖古菌种群的生长

DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1218569110
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发表时间:
2013
期刊:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Hinrichs KU
Hinrichs KU
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lipp JS;Wegener G;Ferdelman TG;Hinrichs KU

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深海海底沉积物中存在微生物生物圈,对全球生物地球化学循环的影响未知。这项研究测试了以前的证据的基础上微生物完整的极性脂质(IPL)作为活生物量的代理,这表明,海洋沉积生物圈中占主导地位。我们设计了一种灵敏的放射性示踪剂测定法来测量大陆边缘沉积物中古细菌IPL类似物([14 C]葡萄糖基)-二植烷甘油二醚(GlcDGD)的衰变率。降解动力学被纳入模型模拟,约束的化石部分的海底IPL和古细菌周转率。模拟顶部1公里的一个通用的大陆边缘沉积柱,我们估计降解速率常数的GlcDGD是一个到两个数量级低于细菌的IPL,与GlcDGD的半衰期随着深度增加到310千公里。鉴于估计微生物群落的周转时间为1.6-73千公里的沉积物深于1米,50-96%的古细菌IPL代表化石信号。因此,以前对全球海底生物量的基于脂质的估计可能过高,而广泛观察到的古细菌IPL的主导地位并不排除细菌主导的深层生物圈。现有浓度分布的反向建模表明,古细菌IPL合成速率从地表的约1,000 pg·mL− 1沉积物·y− 1下降到1 km深度的0.2 pg·mL−1沉积物·y− 1,分别相当于产生7 × 105至140个古细菌细胞·mL− 1沉积物·y−1。这些对微生物生长的限制是理解深层生物圈与碳循环之间关系的重要一步。
Deep subseafloor sediments host a microbial biosphere with unknown impact on global biogeochemical cycles. This study tests previous evidence based on microbial intact polar lipids (IPLs) as proxies of live biomass, suggesting that Archaea dominate the marine sedimentary biosphere. We devised a sensitive radiotracer assay to measure the decay rate of ([14C]glucosyl)-diphytanylglyceroldiether (GlcDGD) as an analog of archaeal IPLs in continental margin sediments. The degradation kinetics were incorporated in model simulations that constrained the fossil fraction of subseafloor IPLs and rates of archaeal turnover. Simulating the top 1 km in a generic continental margin sediment column, we estimated degradation rate constants of GlcDGD being one to two orders of magnitude lower than those of bacterial IPLs, with half-lives of GlcDGD increasing with depth to 310 ky. Given estimated microbial community turnover times of 1.6–73 ky in sediments deeper than 1 m, 50–96% of archaeal IPLs represent fossil signals. Consequently, previous lipid-based estimates of global subseafloor biomass probably are too high, and the widely observed dominance of archaeal IPLs does not rule out a deep biosphere dominated by Bacteria. Reverse modeling of existing concentration profiles suggest that archaeal IPL synthesis rates decline from around 1,000 pg⋅mL−1sediment⋅y−1at the surface to 0.2 pg⋅mL−1⋅y−1at 1 km depth, equivalent to production of 7 × 105to 140 archaeal cells⋅mL−1sediment⋅y−1, respectively. These constraints on microbial growth are an important step toward understanding the relationship between the deep biosphere and the carbon cycle.
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