Viromics of extant insect orders unveil the evolution of the flavi-like superfamily.
Viromics of extant insect orders unveil the evolution of the flavi-like superfamily.
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现有昆虫秩序的病毒学揭示了类似flavi的超家族的演变。
DOI：
10.1093/ve/veab030
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发表时间：
2021-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Junglen S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Paraskevopoulou S;Käfer S;Zirkel F;Donath A;Petersen M;Liu S;Zhou X;Drosten C;Misof B;Junglen S
昆虫是最多样化和物种最丰富的动物群体，并拥有巨大的病毒多样性。类黄病毒超家族中的一些分类单元，如黄病毒属，与昆虫相关;然而，缺乏对昆虫病毒遗传多样性的系统研究，限制了我们对类黄病毒超家族进化的理解。在这里，我们研究了最完整和最新的昆虫转录组集合内的黄病毒样病毒的多样性，包括1,243种昆虫，采用黄病毒科RdRp档案隐马尔可夫模型搜索。我们在61个物种中鉴定了76个病毒序列，这些物种属于17种昆虫，一种内颚动物和一种蛛形纲动物。系统发育分析显示，27个序列属于黄病毒科的分支系统，但没有与已建立的属。尽管研究的昆虫宿主多样性很大，但我们只在一种吸血昆虫中检测到一种病毒，该病毒在黄病毒属内分支，这表明该属可能仅在吸血节肢动物中多样化。鉴定了9种新的荆门病毒，它们具有新的宿主关系。其中一种荆门病毒在昆虫和蜱相关分支之外建立了一个深根谱系。节段共分离基因支持在荆门病毒中蜱虫相关组和昆虫相关组的分离，并有节段重配的证据。此外，14种病毒与未分类的黄病毒组合，其基因组长度高达20 kb。鉴定了与麦蛾和直翅目相关的病毒的物种特异性分支。49种病毒分布在三个高度多样化的分支中，与Tombusviridae（一种感染植物的病毒家族）有着遥远的关系，这表明检测到了三个以前未知的昆虫相关家族，这些家族有助于Tombusvirus的进化。
Insects are the most diversified and species-rich group of animals and harbor an immense diversity of viruses. Several taxa in the flavi-like superfamily, such as the genus Flavivirus, are associated with insects; however, systematic studies on insect virus genetic diversity are lacking, limiting our understanding of the evolution of the flavi-like superfamily. Here, we examined the diversity of flavi-like viruses within the most complete and up-to-date insect transcriptome collection comprising 1,243 insect species by employing a Flaviviridae RdRp profile hidden Markov model search. We identified seventy-six viral sequences in sixty-one species belonging to seventeen insect, one entognathan, and one arachnidan orders. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that twenty-seven sequences fell within the Flaviviridae phylogeny but did not group with established genera. Despite the large diversity of insect hosts studied, we only detected one virus in a blood-feeding insect, which branched within the genus Flavivirus, indicating that this genus likely diversified only in hematophagous arthropods. Nine new jingmenviruses with novel host associations were identified. One of the jingmenviruses established a deep rooting lineage additional to the insect- and tick-associated clades. Segment co-segregation phylogenies support the separation of tick- and insect-associated groups within jingmenviruses, with evidence for segment reassortment. In addition, fourteen viruses grouped with unclassified flaviviruses encompassing genome length of up to 20 kb. Species-specific clades for Hymenopteran- and Orthopteran-associated viruses were identified. Forty-nine viruses populated three highly diversified clades in distant relationship to Tombusviridae, a plant-infecting virus family, suggesting the detection of three previously unknown insect-associated families that contributed to tombusvirus evolution.
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