Working-memory training in younger and older adults: training gains, transfer, and maintenance.
Working-memory training in younger and older adults: training gains, transfer, and maintenance.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnhum.2012.00063
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Bäckman L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brehmer Y;Westerberg H;Bäckman L
工作记忆（WM）是许多高级认知功能的关键决定因素，随着年龄的增长而下降。目前的研究试图开发特定过程的WM训练程序，这可能会导致普遍的认知改善。训练的适应性以及训练收益与积极对照组表现变化的比较是评估特定训练计划有效性的关键因素。在本研究中，55名年轻人（20-30岁）和45名老年人（60-70岁）接受了为期5周的计算机训练，内容涉及各种空间和口头WM任务。一半的样本接受适应性训练（即单独调整任务难度），而另一半则在相同的任务材料上工作，但任务难度较低（主动控制）。在训练前、干预5周后以及3个月的随访间隔后，使用标准、近迁移和远迁移任务评估表现。结果表明：(a)适应性训练通常比低水平训练带来更大的训练收益；(b)在某些任务中，年轻人的训练和转移收益略高于老年人，但在其他任务中，不同年龄组的人具有可比性；(c)在持续注意力测试和日常生活中年轻人和老年人的认知功能自评量表中观察到远迁移。(d)在3个月的随访期间，不同年龄的训练收益和转移效果保持不变。
Working memory (WM), a key determinant of many higher-order cognitive functions, declines in old age. Current research attempts to develop process-specific WM training procedures, which may lead to general cognitive improvement. Adaptivity of the training as well as the comparison of training gains to performance changes of an active control group are key factors in evaluating the effectiveness of a specific training program. In the present study, 55 younger adults (20–30 years of age) and 45 older adults (60–70 years of age) received 5 weeks of computerized training on various spatial and verbal WM tasks. Half of the sample received adaptive training (i.e., individually adjusted task difficulty), whereas the other half-worked on the same task material but on a low task difficulty level (active controls). Performance was assessed using criterion, near-transfer, and far-transfer tasks before training, after 5 weeks of intervention, as well as after a 3-month follow-up interval. Results indicate that (a) adaptive training generally led to larger training gains than low-level practice, (b) training and transfer gains were somewhat greater for younger than for older adults in some tasks, but comparable across age groups in other tasks, (c) far-transfer was observed to a test on sustained attention and for a self-rating scale on cognitive functioning in daily life for both young and old, and (d) training gains and transfer effects were maintained across the 3-month follow-up interval across age.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
BALTES, PB;SOWARKA, D;KLIEGL, R
通讯作者：
KLIEGL, R
DOI：
10.1097/00004583-200502000-00010
发表时间：
2005-02-01
影响因子：
13.3
作者：
Klingberg, T;Fernell, E;Westerberg, H
通讯作者：
Westerberg, H
影响因子：
1.3
作者：
Carretti, Barbara;Borella, Erika;De Beni, Rossana
通讯作者：
De Beni, Rossana
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
BROADBENT, DE;COOPER, PF;PARKES, KR
通讯作者：
PARKES, KR
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Karbach, Julia;Kray, Jutta
通讯作者：
Kray, Jutta