Early development of the cortical layers in the human brain
Early development of the cortical layers in the human brain
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人脑皮质层的早期发育
DOI：
10.1111/joa.13488
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Tetsuya Takakuwa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mei Terashima;Aoi Ishikawa;J_rg M_nner;Shigehito Yamada;Tetsuya Takakuwa
皮质板（CP）首次出现在孕后7周（PCW），此时它将先前存在的前板分为两层，边缘区和前亚板（PSP）。虽然已经报道了使用胎儿磁共振成像和二维组织观察的三维（3D）分析，但还没有研究分析与3D中pSP阶段相对应的层结构的早期发育。在这里，我们重建了大脑的3D模型，重点关注pSP阶段的皮质层。为了实现这一点，我们数字化了来自京都保藏中心的CS20和CS23之间的胚胎的连续组织切片（n= 7，约7-8.5 pcw），以及来自Blechschloven保藏中心的早期胎儿期标本（n= 2，约9.5-12 pcw，冠臀长[CRL] 39和64 mm）。我们观察组织切片和3D图像，并对厚度、表面积和体积进行定量分析。由于在苏木精和伊红染色切片中无法区分pSP和中间区（IZ）之间的边界，因此在本研究中将两层作为单层一起分析。从CS21开始观察层的组织学，并在CS22变得明显。随后，我们观察了3D模型; CS21时pSP-IZ存在于大脑壁的中外侧区域，CS22后观察到以该区域为中心的扩张。我们观察到它在整个大脑半球在胎儿早期阶段（CRL 39毫米）。pSP-IZ的厚度在3D中可见，并且在中外侧区域更大。在pSP期（CRL 64 mm）结束时，厚的区域扩展到外侧、上级和后区，围绕着前突原基。然而，基底神经节附近的区域不包括在pSP-IZ区域的最厚的10%中。在大脑壁的中外侧区域发现大脑中动脉，靠近观察到pSP-IZ的区域。通过对厚度、比表面积和体积的定量评价，揭示了层状结构生长的特征。根据CRL，pSP-IZ和CP的最大厚度值显著增加，而中值略有增加。层结构似乎生长和蔓延薄，而不是增厚在早期发展，这是在pSP阶段的特点。脑总组织、CP和pSP-IZ的表面积与CRL的平方成比例增加。CP和pSP-IZ的表面积在pSP阶段结束时接近总组织的表面积。每层的体积与CRL的立方成比例增加。在pSP阶段结束时，pSP-IZ和CP占总组织体积的50%以上。我们可以在3D中可视化pSP-IZ的生长并在pSP阶段对其进行量化。我们的方法使我们能够观察到pSP-IZ从大脑壁的中外侧区域快速扩张的过程，该区域随后成为大脑皮层。
The cortical plate (CP) first appears at seven postconceptional weeks (pcw), when it splits the preexisting preplate into two layers, the marginal zone and the presubplate (pSP). Although three‐dimensional (3D) analysis using fetal magnetic resonance imaging and two‐dimensional tissue observations have been reported, there have been no studies analyzing the early development of the layer structure corresponding to the pSP stage in 3D. Here, we reconstructed 3‐D models of the brain with a focus on the cortical layers in pSP stage. To achieve this, we digitized serial tissue sections of embryos between CS20 and CS23 from the Kyoto Collection (n= 7, approximately 7–8.5 pcw), and specimens at early fetal phase from the Blechschmidt Collection (n= 2, approximately 9.5–12 pcw, crown rump length [CRL] 39 and 64 mm). We observed tissue sections and 3D images and performed quantitative analysis of the thickness, surface area, and volume. Because the boundary between pSP and the intermediate zone (IZ) could not be distinguished in hematoxylin and eosin‐stained sections, the two layers were analyzed together as a single layer in this study. The histology of the layers was observed from CS21 and became distinct at CS22. Subsequently, we observed the 3‐D models; pSP‐IZ was present in a midlateral region of the cerebral wall at CS21, and an expansion centered around this region was observed after CS22. We observed it over the entire cerebral hemisphere at early fetal phase (CRL 39 mm). The thickness of pSP‐IZ was visible in 3D and was greater in the midlateral region. At the end of the pSP stage (CRL 64 mm), the thick region expanded to lateral, superior, and posterior regions around the primordium of the insula. While, the region near the basal ganglia was not included in the thickest 10% of the pSP‐IZ area. Middle cerebral artery was found in the midlateral region of the cerebral wall, near the area where pSP‐IZ was observed. Feature of layer structure growth was revealed by quantitative assessment as thickness, surface area, and volume. The maximum thickness value of pSP‐IZ and CP increased significantly according to CRL, whereas the median value increased slightly. The layer structure appeared to grow and spread thin, rather than thickening during early development, which is characteristic during pSP stages. The surface area of the cerebral total tissue, CP, and pSP‐IZ increased in proportion to the square of CRL. The surface area of CP and pSP‐IZ approached that of the total tissue at the end of the pSP stage. Volume of each layer increased in proportion to the cube of CRL. pSP‐IZ and CP constituted over 50% of the total tissue in volume at the end of the pSP stages. We could visualize the growth of pSP‐IZ in 3D and quantify it during pSP stage. Our approach allowed us to observe the process of rapid expansion of pSP‐IZ from the midlateral regions of the cerebral wall, which subsequently becomes the insula.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1218510110
发表时间：
2013-02-26
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Hoerder-Suabedissen, Anna;Oeschger, Franziska M.;Molnar, Zoltan
通讯作者：
Molnar, Zoltan
Blechschmidt Collection：使用现代成像技术重新审视历史上连续切片的人类胚胎和胎儿收藏中的标本
影响因子：
1.3
作者：
Miyazaki Reina;Makishima Haruyuki;Maenner J;Sydow Hans-Georg;Uwabe Chigako;Takakuwa Tetsuya;Viebahn Christoph;Yamada Shigehito
通讯作者：
Yamada Shigehito
影响因子：
1.3
作者：
Nakashima, Takashi;Hirose, Ayumi;Takakuwa, Tetsuya
通讯作者：
Takakuwa, Tetsuya
Okado 等人：“本体感觉初级传入末梢的新颖结构，包括运动神经元”科学。
DOI：
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发表时间：
--
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
通讯作者：
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人类胚胎的正常和异常发育：第一份对 1,213 个完整胚胎进行分析的报告。
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1968
期刊：
Teratology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Hideo Nishimura;Kiichi Takano;Takashi Tanimura;Mineo Yasuda
通讯作者：
Mineo Yasuda