The influence of evolutionary history on human health and disease.
The influence of evolutionary history on human health and disease.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41576-020-00305-9
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发表时间：
2021-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Capra JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Benton ML;Abraham A;LaBella AL;Abbot P;Rokas A;Capra JA
几乎所有影响疾病风险的遗传变异都具有人类特定的起源;然而，它们影响的系统具有古老的根源，通常可以追溯到人类起源之前很久的进化事件。在这里，我们回顾了我们对疾病遗传结构的理解，最近的人类进化和深层进化史的进展如何有助于解释现代环境中的人类如何以及为什么会生病。人类群体在许多常见和罕见遗传疾病的患病率方面存在差异。这些差异在很大程度上是现代人口的不同环境、文化、人口和遗传历史的结果。将我们不断增长的进化史知识与遗传医学相结合，同时考虑环境和社会因素，将有助于实现个性化基因组学的承诺，并实现隐藏在个人DNA序列中的潜力，以指导临床决策。简而言之，精准医学从根本上说是进化医学，将进化观点融入临床将有助于实现其全部潜力。我们的进化历史导致了高度复杂和精密的人类生理学。然而，进化的足迹也让我们容易生病。在这篇综述中，作者讨论了从地球上最早的生命历史到现代人类进化的事件如何影响许多疾病的特征和结果。他们描述了进化框架的理解和应用如何为精准医学计划提供信息。
Nearly all genetic variants that influence disease risk have human-specific origins; however, the systems they influence have ancient roots that often trace back to evolutionary events long before the origin of humans. Here, we review how advances in our understanding of the genetic architectures of diseases, recent human evolution and deep evolutionary history can help explain how and why humans in modern environments become ill. Human populations exhibit differences in the prevalence of many common and rare genetic diseases. These differences are largely the result of the diverse environmental, cultural, demographic and genetic histories of modern human populations. Synthesizing our growing knowledge of evolutionary history with genetic medicine, while accounting for environmental and social factors, will help to achieve the promise of personalized genomics and realize the potential hidden in an individual’s DNA sequence to guide clinical decisions. In short, precision medicine is fundamentally evolutionary medicine, and integration of evolutionary perspectives into the clinic will support the realization of its full potential. Our evolutionary history has resulted in highly complex and sophisticated human physiology. Yet evolutionary footprints have also left us prone to diseases. In this Review, the authors discuss how events from the earliest history of life on Earth through to modern human evolution influence many disease traits and outcomes. They describe how an understanding and application of evolutionary frameworks can inform precision medicine initiatives.
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影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Bycroft C;Freeman C;Petkova D;Band G;Elliott LT;Sharp K;Motyer A;Vukcevic D;Delaneau O;O'Connell J;Cortes A;Welsh S;Young A;Effingham M;McVean G;Leslie S;Allen N;Donnelly P;Marchini J
通讯作者：
Marchini J
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Azevedo L;Serrano C;Amorim A;Cooper DN
通讯作者：
Cooper DN
DOI：
10.1126/science.1245993
发表时间：
2014-10-17
期刊：
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Carroll SP;Jørgensen PS;Kinnison MT;Bergstrom CT;Denison RF;Gluckman P;Smith TB;Strauss SY;Tabashnik BE
通讯作者：
Tabashnik BE
影响因子：
7
作者：
Alföldi J;Lindblad-Toh K
通讯作者：
Lindblad-Toh K
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Aktipis CA;Nesse RM
通讯作者：
Nesse RM