Differential Role of Prefrontal and Parietal Cortices in Controlling Level of Consciousness.
Differential Role of Prefrontal and Parietal Cortices in Controlling Level of Consciousness.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2018.05.025
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发表时间：
2018-07-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Mashour GA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pal D;Dean JG;Liu T;Li D;Watson CJ;Hudetz AG;Mashour GA
意识是由水平（例如，清醒与麻醉）和内容（即，经验的定性方面）决定的。众所周知，皮层下区域在调节意识水平方面起着因果作用，但对皮层的作用却知之甚少。临床和相关数据已经被用来支持和反驳前额叶和后皮层在意识水平中的作用。前额叶皮层与脑干和间脑的觉醒促进中心有广泛的相互联系，因此在调节意识水平方面处于独特的地位。此外，最近的一项研究表明，前额皮质在调节意识水平方面可能很重要，但缺乏因果证据，也缺乏与更多后皮质部位的比较。因此，为了验证前额叶皮层调节意识水平的假说，我们尝试通过胆碱能或去甲肾上腺素能刺激大鼠前额叶前边缘皮层和顶叶皮层两个区域来逆转七氟醚麻醉。全身麻醉的定义是失去翻正反射，这是一种在啮齿类动物中广泛使用的替代测量方法。我们证明，尽管持续暴露于临床相关浓度的七氟醚麻醉，但对前额叶皮质（而不是顶叶皮质）的胆碱能刺激仍能恢复清醒样行为。去甲肾上腺素能刺激前额叶和顶叶区域导致脑电图激活，但没有产生任何清醒行为的迹象。我们的结论是，前额叶皮层的胆碱能机制可以调节意识水平。Pal等人的研究表明，在持续麻醉的情况下，对前额皮质的胆碱能而非去甲肾上腺素能刺激可以恢复意识水平。顶叶区胆碱能或去甲肾上腺素能刺激不改变行为状态。前额叶皮层是调节意识水平的潜在目标。
Consciousness is determined both by level (e.g., being awake vs. being anesthetized) and content (i.e., the qualitative aspects of experience). Subcortical areas are known to play a causal role in regulating the level of consciousness but the role of the cortex is less well understood. Clinical and correlative data have been used both to support and refute a role for prefrontal and posterior cortices in the level of consciousness. Prefrontal cortex has extensive reciprocal connections to wake-promoting centers in the brainstem and diencephalon, and hence is in a unique position to modulate level of consciousness. Furthermore, a recent study suggested that the prefrontal cortex might be important in regulating level of consciousness but causal evidence, and a comparison with more posterior cortical sites, is lacking. Therefore, to test the hypothesis that prefrontal cortex plays a role in regulating level of consciousness, we attempted to reverse sevoflurane anesthesia by cholinergic or noradrenergic stimulation of the prefrontal prelimbic cortex and two areas of parietal cortex in rat. General anesthesia was defined by loss of the righting reflex, a widely used surrogate measure in rodents. We demonstrate that cholinergic stimulation of prefrontal cortex, but not parietal cortex, restored wake-like behavior, despite continuous exposure to clinically relevant concentrations of sevoflurane anesthesia. Noradrenergic stimulation of the prefrontal and parietal areas resulted in electroencephalographic activation but failed to produce any signs of wake-like behavior. We conclude that cholinergic mechanisms in prefrontal cortex can regulate the level of consciousness. Pal et al. show that cholinergic, but not noradrenergic, stimulation of prefrontal cortex can restore level of consciousness despite continuous anesthetic administration. Cholinergic or noradrenergic stimulation in the parietal region did not alter the behavioral state. Prefrontal cortex is a potential target for modulating level of consciousness.
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影响因子：
14.5
作者：
Del Cul, A.;Dehaene, S.;Slachevsky, A.
通讯作者：
Slachevsky, A.
影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Dehaene S;Charles L;King JR;Marti S
通讯作者：
Marti S
影响因子：
9.8
作者：
Gaskell, A. L.;Hight, D. F.;Sanders, R. D.
通讯作者：
Sanders, R. D.
影响因子：
9.8
作者：
Pal, D.;Hambrecht-Wiedbusch, V. S.;Mashour, G. A.
通讯作者：
Mashour, G. A.
DOI：
10.1038/nrn.2016.105
发表时间：
2016-10-01
期刊：
Nature reviews. Neuroscience
影响因子：
--
作者：
Koch, Christof;Massimini, Marcello;Tononi, Giulio
通讯作者：
Tononi, Giulio