Toward a quantitative estimate of future heat wave mortality under global climate change.

Toward a quantitative estimate of future heat wave mortality under global climate change.
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DOI:
10.1289/ehp.1002430
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发表时间:
2011-05
影响因子:
10.4
通讯作者:
Dominici F
Dominici F
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Peng RD;Bobb JF;Tebaldi C;McDaniel L;Bell ML;Dominici F

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预计气候变化将通过改变已知风险因素的分布来影响人类健康。热浪对人类的死亡率有削弱作用,全球气候模型预测热浪的频率和严重程度都会增加。尚未对气候变化通过热浪分布的变化对人类健康的危害程度以及在估计这些影响时的不确定性来源进行广泛研究。我们估计了在全球气候变化下,美国一个主要城市未来因热浪造成的额外死亡率。我们使用了一个数据库,其中包含1987年至2005年期间伊利诺伊州芝加芝加市所有非意外原因导致的死亡率、环境颗粒物和臭氧水平、温度和露点温度的日常数据。我们使用泊松回归模型估计了芝加哥热浪和死亡率之间的关系。根据七个全球气候模型的估计,在2081-2100年的三种不同的气候变化情景下,如果不采取适应措施,芝加哥市每年因热浪造成的死亡人数可能会增加166至2217人。我们注意到,每年热浪死亡率的预测存在相当大的变异性;最大的变化来源是气候模式的选择。未来的热浪对人类健康的影响可能是深远的,通过降低未来的二氧化碳排放,有望取得重大进展。
Climate change is anticipated to affect human health by changing the distribution of known risk factors. Heat waves have had debilitating effects on human mortality, and global climate models predict an increase in the frequency and severity of heat waves. The extent to which climate change will harm human health through changes in the distribution of heat waves and the sources of uncertainty in estimating these effects have not been studied extensively. We estimated the future excess mortality attributable to heat waves under global climate change for a major U.S. city. We used a database comprising daily data from 1987 through 2005 on mortality from all nonaccidental causes, ambient levels of particulate matter and ozone, temperature, and dew point temperature for the city of Chicago, Illinois. We estimated the associations between heat waves and mortality in Chicago using Poisson regression models. Under three different climate change scenarios for 2081–2100 and in the absence of adaptation, the city of Chicago could experience between 166 and 2,217 excess deaths per year attributable to heat waves, based on estimates from seven global climate models. We noted considerable variability in the projections of annual heat wave mortality; the largest source of variation was the choice of climate model. The impact of future heat waves on human health will likely be profound, and significant gains can be expected by lowering future carbon dioxide emissions.
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