The Gut-Brain Axis, the Human Gut Microbiota and Their Integration in the Development of Obesity.
The Gut-Brain Axis, the Human Gut Microbiota and Their Integration in the Development of Obesity.
复制标题
肠脑轴，人类肠道微生物群及其在肥胖发展中的整合。
DOI：
10.3389/fphys.2018.00900
复制
发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Whiteside E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bliss ES;Whiteside E
肥胖症是一种全球性流行病，给公共卫生系统带来社会经济压力，特别是在所谓的西方国家，如澳大利亚，美国，英国和加拿大。肥胖是由于能量摄入和能量消耗之间的不平衡，其中能量摄入超过消耗。目前的非侵入性治疗在对抗肥胖方面缺乏疗效，这表明肥胖是一种多方面的疾病，比以前认为的更复杂。这导致了探索能量稳态的研究增加，并发现了一个复杂的双向通信轴，称为肠-脑轴。肠-脑轴由各种神经体液成分组成，这些成分允许肠道和大脑相互交流。轴内的信息交流通过局部、旁分泌和/或内分泌机制进行，涉及肠内分泌细胞（EEC）产生的多种肠源性肽，包括胰高血糖素样肽1（GLP 1）、胆囊收缩素（CCK）、肽YY 3 −36（PYY）、胰多肽（PP）和胃泌酸调节素。神经网络，如肠神经系统（ENS）和迷走神经也在肠-脑轴内传递信息。新出现的证据表明，人类肠道微生物群，一个位于胃肠道（GIT）的复杂生态系统，可能通过几种相互依赖的途径影响体重增加，包括能量收集，短链脂肪酸（SCFA）信号传导，行为改变，控制饱腹感和调节宿主内的炎症反应。因此，肠-脑轴，微生物群和这些元素之间的联系以及每个元素在促进或调节能量中所起的作用，从而导致肥胖，将在本文中进行探讨。
Obesity is a global epidemic, placing socioeconomic strain on public healthcare systems, especially within the so-called Western countries, such as Australia, United States, United Kingdom, and Canada. Obesity results from an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure, where energy intake exceeds expenditure. Current non-invasive treatments lack efficacy in combating obesity, suggesting that obesity is a multi-faceted and more complex disease than previously thought. This has led to an increase in research exploring energy homeostasis and the discovery of a complex bidirectional communication axis referred to as the gut-brain axis. The gut-brain axis is comprised of various neurohumoral components that allow the gut and brain to communicate with each other. Communication occurs within the axis via local, paracrine and/or endocrine mechanisms involving a variety of gut-derived peptides produced from enteroendocrine cells (EECs), including glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1), cholecystokinin (CCK), peptide YY3−36 (PYY), pancreatic polypeptide (PP), and oxyntomodulin. Neural networks, such as the enteric nervous system (ENS) and vagus nerve also convey information within the gut-brain axis. Emerging evidence suggests the human gut microbiota, a complex ecosystem residing in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), may influence weight-gain through several inter-dependent pathways including energy harvesting, short-chain fatty-acids (SCFA) signalling, behaviour modifications, controlling satiety and modulating inflammatory responses within the host. Hence, the gut-brain axis, the microbiota and the link between these elements and the role each plays in either promoting or regulating energy and thereby contributing to obesity will be explored in this review.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
24.5
作者：
ADRIAN, TE;BLOOM, SR;BARNES, AJ
通讯作者：
BARNES, AJ
影响因子：
7.3
作者：
Balasubramaniam, A;Mullins, DE;Parker, EM
通讯作者：
Parker, EM
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Adam, TCM;Westerterp-Plantenga, MS
通讯作者：
Westerterp-Plantenga, MS
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Abbott, CR;Monteiro, M;Bloom, SR
通讯作者：
Bloom, SR
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
Batterham, RL;Le Roux, CW;Bloom, SR
通讯作者：
Bloom, SR