Determinants of relapse periodicity in Plasmodium vivax malaria.
Determinants of relapse periodicity in Plasmodium vivax malaria.
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DOI：
10.1186/1475-2875-10-297
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发表时间：
2011-10-11
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
White NJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
White NJ
间日疟原虫是亚洲、中美洲和南美洲以及非洲之角流行地区发热性疾病的主要病因。间日疟原虫感染的特点是由寄生虫（催眠虫）的持续肝脏阶段引起的疟疾复发，这只能通过8-氨基喹啉抗疟疾药物来预防。热带地区的间日疟原虫如果给予迅速消除的抗疟疾药物治疗，每隔三周复发一次，而在温带地区和亚热带部分地区，间日疟原虫感染的特点是在发病和复发之间潜伏期长或潜伏期长——在这两种情况下都接近8-10个月。尽管与疟疾控制和消除明显相关，但不同复发表型的流行病学尚未得到充分界定。按蚊接种的孢子虫数量是决定复发时间和次数的重要因素。两次复发之间的间隔显示出一种显著的周期性，这种周期性尚未得到解释。有证据表明，连续复发的患者比例相对恒定，而激活催眠虫并导致间日疟疾定期间歇复发的因素是全身性发热性疾病本身。有人提出，在流行地区，很大一部分人口潜藏着潜伏的催眠虫，它们可以被间日疟或恶性疟疾等全身性疾病激活。这解释了恶性疟疾后间日疟的高发病率、复发中异源基因型的高比例、与人工感染研究相比，生活在流行地区的人们的复发率更高，并且通过促进不同基因型之间的重组，有助于间日疟遗传多样性，特别是在低传播环境中。长潜伏期间日疟原虫表型可能比目前认为的更为广泛和普遍。这些观察结果对评估根治疗效以及控制和消除疟疾具有重要意义。
Plasmodium vivax is a major cause of febrile illness in endemic areas of Asia, Central and South America, and the horn of Africa. Plasmodium vivax infections are characterized by relapses of malaria arising from persistent liver stages of the parasite (hypnozoites) which can be prevented only by 8-aminoquinoline anti-malarials. Tropical P. vivax relapses at three week intervals if rapidly eliminated anti-malarials are given for treatment, whereas in temperate regions and parts of the sub-tropics P. vivax infections are characterized either by a long incubation or a long-latency period between illness and relapse - in both cases approximating 8-10 months. The epidemiology of the different relapse phenotypes has not been defined adequately despite obvious relevance to malaria control and elimination. The number of sporozoites inoculated by the anopheline mosquito is an important determinant of both the timing and the number of relapses. The intervals between relapses display a remarkable periodicity which has not been explained. Evidence is presented that the proportion of patients who have successive relapses is relatively constant and that the factor which activates hypnozoites and leads to regular interval relapse in vivax malaria is the systemic febrile illness itself. It is proposed that in endemic areas a large proportion of the population harbours latent hypnozoites which can be activated by a systemic illness such as vivax or falciparum malaria. This explains the high rates of vivax following falciparum malaria, the high proportion of heterologous genotypes in relapses, the higher rates of relapse in people living in endemic areas compared with artificial infection studies, and, by facilitating recombination between different genotypes, contributes to P. vivax genetic diversity particularly in low transmission settings. Long-latency P. vivax phenotypes may be more widespread and more prevalent than currently thought. These observations have important implications for the assessment of radical treatment efficacy and for malaria control and elimination.
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影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Carlton, Jane M.;Adams, John H.;Silva, Joana C.;Bidwell, Shelby L.;Lorenzi, Hernan;Caler, Elisabet;Crabtree, Jonathan;Angiuoli, Samuel V.;Merino, Emilio F.;Amedeo, Paolo;Cheng, Qin;Coulson, Richard M. R.;Crabb, Brendan S.;del Portillo, Hernando A.;Essien, Kobby;Feldblyum, Tamara V.;Fernandez-Becerra, Carmen;Gilson, Paul R.;Gueye, Amy H.;Guo, Xiang;Kang'a, Simon;Kooij, Taco W. A.;Korsinczky, Michael;Meyer, Esmeralda V. -S.;Nene, Vish;Paulsen, Ian;White, Owen;Ralph, Stuart A.;Ren, Qinghu;Sargeant, Tobias J.;Salzberg, Steven L.;Stoeckert, Christian J.;Sullivan, Steven A.;Yamamoto, Marcio M.;Hoffman, Stephen L.;Wortman, Jennifer R.;Gardner, Malcolm J.;Galinski, Mary R.;Barnwell, John W.;Fraser-Liggett, Claire M.
通讯作者：
Fraser-Liggett, Claire M.
DOI：
10.1016/0035-9203(61)90103-1
发表时间：
1961-01-01
期刊：
TRANS ROY SOC TROP MED AND HYG
影响因子：
--
作者：
ARNOLD, J.;ALVING, A. S.;HOCHWALD, R. S.
通讯作者：
HOCHWALD, R. S.
影响因子：
--
作者：
COATNEY, GR;COOPER, WC;BURGESS, RW
通讯作者：
BURGESS, RW
DOI：
10.1128/cdli.8.5.891-894.2001
发表时间：
2001-09-01
期刊：
CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
Adak, T;Valecha, N;Sharma, VP
通讯作者：
Sharma, VP
影响因子：
--
作者：
Boyd, MF;Stratman-Thomas, WK
通讯作者：
Stratman-Thomas, WK