Protein Import into the Endosymbiotic Organelles of Apicomplexan Parasites.

Protein Import into the Endosymbiotic Organelles of Apicomplexan Parasites.
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DOI:
10.3390/genes9080412
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发表时间:
2018-08-14
期刊:
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
Sheiner L
Sheiner L
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mallo N;Fellows J;Johnson C;Sheiner L

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内共生起源的细胞器,即质体和线粒体,是通过宿主细胞对内共生体的一系列获取而进化的。这些过程伴随着从共生体到宿主的基因转移,导致大多数细胞器蛋白被编码在细胞核基因组中,并通过一系列易位复合体进入细胞器。关于细胞器蛋白转位机制的大部分已知是基于在常见的模式生物中进行的研究,例如,酵母和人类或拟南芥。然而,在不同生物体中进行的研究正在逐渐积累。这些研究提供了对普遍保守的特征的洞察,同时发现了生物体或支系特有的特征。Apicomplexan寄生虫具有两个内共生起源的细胞器:一个名为顶体的次生质体和一个线粒体。在顶端复合体寄生虫引起的疾病的背景下,这两个细胞器的基本作用和不同的特征使它们成为药物发现的主要目标。这种潜力和弓形虫顶端复合体对遗传操作的适应性促使人们研究控制这两个细胞器生物发生的机制。在这里,我们提供了一个已知的关于顶端复合体细胞器蛋白输入的概述。我们主要关注在弓形虫中所做的工作,并提供与模式生物的比较。
The organelles of endosymbiotic origin, plastids, and mitochondria, evolved through the serial acquisition of endosymbionts by a host cell. These events were accompanied by gene transfer from the symbionts to the host, resulting in most of the organellar proteins being encoded in the cell nuclear genome and trafficked into the organelle via a series of translocation complexes. Much of what is known about organelle protein translocation mechanisms is based on studies performed in common model organisms; e.g., yeast and humans or Arabidopsis. However, studies performed in divergent organisms are gradually accumulating. These studies provide insights into universally conserved traits, while discovering traits that are specific to organisms or clades. Apicomplexan parasites feature two organelles of endosymbiotic origin: a secondary plastid named the apicoplast and a mitochondrion. In the context of the diseases caused by apicomplexan parasites, the essential roles and divergent features of both organelles make them prime targets for drug discovery. This potential and the amenability of the apicomplexan Toxoplasma gondii to genetic manipulation motivated research about the mechanisms controlling both organelles’ biogenesis. Here we provide an overview of what is known about apicomplexan organelle protein import. We focus on work done mainly in T. gondii and provide a comparison to model organisms.
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