Impaired top-down modulation of saccadic latencies in patients with schizophrenia but not in first-degree relatives.
Impaired top-down modulation of saccadic latencies in patients with schizophrenia but not in first-degree relatives.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00044
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Altorfer A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schwab S;Jost M;Altorfer A
眼球运动障碍在精神分裂症研究中有着悠久的历史，并且符合可靠生物标志物的标准。然而，认知负荷和任务难度对扫视潜伏期（SL）的影响却鲜为人知。最近的研究表明，SL具有很强的任务依赖性：SL在认知需求较高的任务中降低，而在认知需求较低的任务中增加。本研究探讨SL调制精神分裂症患者及其一级亲属。一组13名患有ICD-10精神分裂症的患者，10名一级亲属和24名对照受试者进行了两种不同类型的视觉任务：颜色任务和Landolt环定向任务。我们使用基于视频的眼电图来测量SL。我们发现，患者在两个不同的任务中表现出相似的非特异性SL模式，而对照组和亲属在定向任务（较高的认知需求）中表现出比颜色任务（较低的认知需求）短20-26%的平均潜伏期。此外，使用支持向量机的分类性能表明，亲属应被分配到健康对照组，而不是患者组。因此，不同内容的视觉加工对精神分裂症患者的SL没有调节作用，但对亲属和健康对照者的SL有调节作用。结果反映了精神分裂症患者的特定眼注意力功能障碍，这是一个潜在的状态标记，可能是由额叶/前额叶区域（如额叶眼区）对上级丘的自上而下的去抑制作用受损引起的。
Impaired eye movements have a long history in schizophrenia research and meet the criteria of a reliable biomarker. However, the effects of cognitive load and task difficulty on saccadic latencies (SL) are less understood. Recent studies showed that SL are strongly task dependent: SL are decreased in tasks with higher cognitive demand, and increased in tasks with lower cognitive demand. The present study investigates SL modulation in patients with schizophrenia and their first-degree relatives. A group of 13 patients suffering from ICD-10 schizophrenia, 10 first-degree relatives, and 24 control subjects performed two different types of visual tasks: a color task and a Landolt ring orientation task. We used video-based oculography to measure SL. We found that patients exhibited a similar unspecific SL pattern in the two different tasks, whereas controls and relatives exhibited 20–26% shorter average latencies in the orientation task (higher cognitive demand) compared to the color task (lower cognitive demand). Also, classification performance using support vector machines suggests that relatives should be assigned to the healthy controls and not to the patient group. Therefore, visual processing of different content does not modulate SL in patients with schizophrenia, but modulates SL in the relatives and healthy controls. The results reflect a specific oculomotor attentional dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia that is a potential state marker, possibly caused by impaired top-down disinhibition of the superior colliculus by frontal/prefrontal areas such as the frontal eye fields.
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