Health benefits from the rapid reduction in ambient exposure to air pollutants after China's clean air actions: progress in efficacy and geographic equality.
Health benefits from the rapid reduction in ambient exposure to air pollutants after China's clean air actions: progress in efficacy and geographic equality.
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DOI：
10.1093/nsr/nwad263
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发表时间：
2024-02
影响因子：
20.6
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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中国的清洁空气行动（CAAs）已经与公共卫生的巨大利益联系在一起。然而，CAA的有益效果是否在地理上均匀分布尚不清楚。使用主要空气污染物（细颗粒物[PM2.5]和臭氧[O3]）和人口分布的高分辨率地图，我们的目标是跟踪2013年至2020年减少暴露于PM2.5和O3的健康影响的时空变化以及嵌入的地理不平等。我们使用了全球疾病负担研究建立的方法。通过分析可归因于PM2.5和O3的预期寿命损失（LLE）的变化，我们计算了预期寿命的增加（GLE），以量化空气质量改善的健康效益。最后，我们使用基尼指数（GI）评估了GLE中的地理不平等。根据PM2.5和O3的风险评估，在CAAs的第一阶段（2013年至2017年），平均GLE为1.87个月。GLE总和的一半分布在约四分之一的接触人群中（GI 0.44）。在CAA的第二阶段（2017年至2020年），平均GLE增加到3.94个月，地理不平等减少（GI 0.18）。根据我们的评估，从第一阶段到第二阶段，CAAs得到了加强，不仅防止了过早死亡，而且改善了健康不平等。这些增强与空气污染对健康影响的敏感性增加以及PM2.5和O3水平的协同控制有关。我们的研究结果将有助于优化未来的CAA。研究发现，在中国清洁空气行动的第一阶段（2013年至2017年），平均预期寿命（GLE）增加了1.87个月。GLE总和的一半分布在约四分之一的受影响人口中（基尼指数：0.44）。在第二阶段（2017年至2020年），平均GLE增加到3.94个月，地理不平等减少（基尼系数：0.18）。从第一阶段到第二阶段，清洁空气行动得到了加强，不仅防止了过早死亡，而且改善了中国的健康不平等。
Clean air actions (CAAs) in China have been linked to considerable benefits in public health. However, whether the beneficial effects of CAAs are equally distributed geographically is unknown. Using high-resolution maps of the distributions of major air pollutants (fine particulate matter [PM2.5] and ozone [O3]) and population, we aimed to track spatiotemporal changes in health impacts from, and geographic inequality embedded in, the reduced exposures to PM2.5 and O3 from 2013 to 2020. We used a method established by the Global Burden of Diseases Study. By analyzing the changes in loss of life expectancy (LLE) attributable to PM2.5 and O3, we calculated the gain of life expectancy (GLE) to quantify the health benefits of the air-quality improvement. Finally, we assessed the geographic inequality embedded in the GLE using the Gini index (GI). Based on risk assessments of PM2.5 and O3, during the first stage of CAAs (2013 to 2017), the mean GLE was 1.87 months. Half of the sum of the GLE was disproportionally distributed in about one quarter of the population exposed (GI 0.44). During the second stage of CAAs (2017 to 2020), the mean GLE increased to 3.94 months and geographic inequality decreased (GI 0.18). According to our assessments, CAAs were enhanced, from the first to second stages, in terms of not only preventing premature mortality but also ameliorating health inequalities. The enhancements were related to increased sensitivity to the health effects of air pollution and synergic control of PM2.5 and O3 levels. Our findings will contribute to optimizing future CAAs. This study finds that during the first stage of clean air actions in China (2013 to 2017), the mean gain of life expectancy (GLE) was 1.87 months. Half of the sum of the GLE was disproportionally distributed in about one quarter of the population exposed (Gini Index: 0.44). During the second stage (2017 to 2020), the mean GLE increased to 3.94 months and geographic inequality decreased (Gini Index: 0.18). Clean air actions were enhanced, from the first to second stages, in terms of not only preventing premature mortality but also ameliorating health inequalities in China.
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影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Jbaily, Abdulrahman;Zhou, Xiaodan;Liu, Jie;Lee, Ting-Hwan;Kamareddine, Leila;Verguet, Stephane;Dominici, Francesca
通讯作者：
Dominici, Francesca
DOI：
10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30925-9
发表时间：
2020-10-17
期刊：
Lancet (London, England)
影响因子：
--
作者：
GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators
通讯作者：
GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators
影响因子：
10.8
作者：
Lelieveld, Jos;Pozzer, Andrea;Muenzel, Thomas
通讯作者：
Muenzel, Thomas
DOI：
10.1086/701186
发表时间：
2019-03-01
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Levinson, Arik
通讯作者：
Levinson, Arik
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Tomar, Gaurav;Nagpure, Ajay Singh;Kumar, Vivek
通讯作者：
Kumar, Vivek