Strategies and hurdles using DNA vaccines to fish.
Strategies and hurdles using DNA vaccines to fish.
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DOI：
10.1186/1297-9716-45-21
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发表时间：
2014-02-19
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Dalmo RA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hølvold LB;Myhr AI;Dalmo RA
针对鱼类病毒性疾病的DNA疫苗接种，如加拿大在商业水平上针对IHNV，在实验水平上针对VHSV，都是成功的故事。然而，针对许多其他病毒性疾病的DNA疫苗接种策略在保护方面尚未产生足够的结果。显然有必要防治水产养殖中灭活疫苗失效的许多其他病毒性疾病。为什么针对其他病毒性疾病的DNA疫苗策略不能在鱼类中诱导保护性免疫反应，有许多解释。这些障碍包括：1)转基因的免疫原性过低；2)本应诱导保护的转基因表达过低；3)次优免疫反应；4)传递的质粒DNA降解率过高。DNA疫苗的分布和降解也存在不确定性，可能对安全性和监管要求产生影响，需要加以澄清。通过将质粒DNA与不同种类的佐剂结合，可以增加转基因抗原的免疫原性，也许还可以提高疫苗的效力。通过使用带有或不带有靶向组件的分子佐剂，可以预期与裸DNA相比有不同的反应。这包括将DNA疫苗靶向抗原提呈细胞，作为提高其效力和疗效的核心因素，方法是将DNA疫苗包封在某些可能增加转基因和MHC表达的载体系统中。这篇综述将着重于DNA疫苗的递送，主要是在鱼类中使用可生物降解的PLGA颗粒作为质粒DNA的载体。
DNA vaccinations against fish viral diseases as IHNV at commercial level in Canada against VHSV at experimental level are both success stories. DNA vaccination strategies against many other viral diseases have, however, not yet yielded sufficient results in terms of protection. There is an obvious need to combat many other viral diseases within aquaculture where inactivated vaccines fail. There are many explanations to why DNA vaccine strategies against other viral diseases fail to induce protective immune responses in fish. These obstacles include: 1) too low immunogenicity of the transgene, 2) too low expression of the transgene that is supposed to induce protection, 3) suboptimal immune responses, and 4) too high degradation rate of the delivered plasmid DNA. There are also uncertainties with regard distribution and degradation of DNA vaccines that may have implications for safety and regulatory requirements that need to be clarified. By combining plasmid DNA with different kind of adjuvants one can increase the immunogenicity of the transgene antigen – and perhaps increase the vaccine efficacy. By using molecular adjuvants with or without in combination with targeting assemblies one may expect different responses compared with naked DNA. This includes targeting of DNA vaccines to antigen presenting cells as a central factor in improving their potencies and efficacies by means of encapsulating the DNA vaccine in certain carriers systems that may increase transgene and MHC expression. This review will focus on DNA vaccine delivery, by the use of biodegradable PLGA particles as vehicles for plasmid DNA mainly in fish.
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