Twin studies of posttraumatic stress disorder: differentiating vulnerability factors from sequelae.
Twin studies of posttraumatic stress disorder: differentiating vulnerability factors from sequelae.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.03.012
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发表时间：
2012-02
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Lyons, Michael J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kremen, William S.;Koenen, Karestan C.;Afari, Niloofar;Lyons, Michael J.
创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）是根据一个人对环境事件的反应来定义的。然而，遗传因素对于决定人们对该事件的反应非常重要，甚至决定他们首先接触特定创伤事件的可能性。经典的双胞胎设计可以分解遗传和环境的差异来源。此类研究在其他地方得到了广泛的综述，我们在本综述中仅简要介绍它们。相反，我们主要关注相同的双控制设计。这种设计可以解决标准病例对照设计中固有的“先有鸡还是先有蛋”的困境，即区分风险和后遗症。患有创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 的双胞胎和未受影响的双胞胎都存在异常，表明先前存在脆弱性指标。这些包括海马体积较小、透明隔腔较大、神经软体征较多、一般智力能力较低以及执行功能、注意力、陈述性记忆和情境线索处理等特定认知能力表现较差。相比之下，患有 PTSD 的双胞胎中的异常现象在同卵双胞胎中并不存在，这表明 PTSD 或创伤暴露的后果。这些包括心理生理反应、较高的静息前扣带回代谢、与注意力过程相关的事件相关潜在异常、回忆入侵，以及可能的某些类型的慢性疼痛。大多数 PTSD 双胞胎对照研究规模较小，并且来自中年男性退伍军人的同一个双胞胎登记处。因此，非常需要复制和扩展这些研究结果，特别是在女性和年轻人中。创建新的孪生注册中心将有助于实现这一目标。
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is defined by one’s response to an environmental event. However, genetic factors are important in determining people’s response to that event, and even their likelihood of being exposed to particular traumatic events in the first place. Classical twin designs can decompose genetic and environmental sources of variance. Such studies are reviewed extensively elsewhere, and we cover them only briefly in this review. Instead, we focus primarily on the identical co-twin control design. This design makes it possible to resolve the “chicken-egg” dilemma inherent in standard case-control designs, namely, distinguishing risk from sequelae. Abnormalities that are present in both the twin with PTSD and the unaffected co-twin suggest pre-existing vulnerability indicators. These include smaller hippocampal volume, large cavum septum pellucidum, more neurological soft signs, lower general intellectual ability, and poorer performance in the specific cognitive abilities of executive function, attention, declarative memory, and processing of contextual cues. In contrast, abnormalities in a twin with PTSD that are not present in the identical co-twin suggest consequences of PTSD or trauma exposure. These include psychophysiological responding, higher resting anterior cingulate metabolism, event-related potential abnormalities associated with attentional processes, recall intrusions, and possibly some types of chronic pain. Most co-twin control studies of PTSD have been small and come from the same twin registry of middle-aged male veterans. Consequently, there is a great need for replication and extension of the findings, particularly in women and younger individuals. The creation of new twin registries would do much toward accomplishing this goal.
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影响因子：
0.9
作者：
Goenjian, Armen K.;Noble, Ernest P.;Bailey, Julia N.
通讯作者：
Bailey, Julia N.
DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48307.x
发表时间：
1997-01-01
期刊：
PSYCHOBIOLOGY OF POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER
影响因子：
--
作者：
Gurvits, TV;Gilbertson, MW;Pitman, RK
通讯作者：
Pitman, RK
影响因子：
6
作者：
Jang, KL;Vernon, PA;Wolf, H
通讯作者：
Wolf, H
影响因子：
10.6
作者：
De Bellis, MD;Keshavan, MS;Ryan, ND
通讯作者：
Ryan, ND
影响因子：
11.3
作者：
Chantarujikapong, SI;Scherrer, JF;True, WR
通讯作者：
True, WR