When It's Harder to Ignorar than to Ignore: Evidence of Greater Attentional Capture from a Non-Dominant Language.
When It's Harder to Ignorar than to Ignore: Evidence of Greater Attentional Capture from a Non-Dominant Language.
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DOI：
10.1177/1367006920915277
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发表时间：
2020-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Marian V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hayakawa S;Shook A;Marian V
想象一下，你正在开车，收音机让你分心，你错过了转弯。哪一个更有可能引起你的注意，用你的母语还是用你的第二语言广播？本研究探讨了语言水平对我们抑制无关语音信息能力的影响。参与者被要求识别两幅图画中的哪一幅改变了颜色，同时忽略他们的母语英语或不太熟练的语言西班牙语中不相关的单词。在单词出现之前，图画在屏幕上出现200或2000毫秒，200毫秒后颜色发生变化。在批判性实验中，无关词与非目标图的标签具有相同的语音特征。审判因预演时间和语言而受阻。使用广义线性混合效应模型分析了19名双语者的反应时间数据，其中固定效应为竞争（竞争对手与对照组）和语言（英语与西班牙语），随机效应为每个预览窗口内的主题和项目。当参与者在任何一种预览条件下听到他们的母语时，都没有观察到干扰。然而，在长时间预览条件下，当他们不太熟练的语言中存在语音竞争时，参与者的反应明显较慢，尽管该任务不需要语言处理。过去的研究表明，随着熟练程度的提高，语言的处理更加自动化，并造成更大的干扰。我们建议，虽然较高的熟练度的语言可能会收到更大的激活整体，较低的熟练度的语言可能更有可能外生捕获注意力，由于相对较大的显着性，和相对较少的控制。目前的研究结果对我们如何理解语言能力、激活和抑制之间的动态关系有影响，这表明不太熟悉的事物的显著性会影响我们忽略无关信息的能力。
Imagine you’re driving and you become so distracted by the radio that you miss your turn. Which is more likely to have caught your attention, a broadcast in your native tongue or one in your second language? The present study explores the effect of language proficiency on our ability to inhibit irrelevant phonological information. Participants were asked to identify which of two drawings changed color while ignoring irrelevant words in either their native language, English, or a less proficient language, Spanish. The drawings appeared on screen for either 200 or 2000ms prior to word-onset, which was followed 200ms later by a color-change. On critical trials, the irrelevant word shared phonological features with the label of the non-target drawing. Trials were blocked by preview time and language. Reaction time data from 19 bilinguals were analyzed utilizing generalized linear mixed-effects models, with fixed effects of Competition (competitor vs. control), and Language (English vs. Spanish) and random effects for Subject and Item within each preview window. No interference was observed when participants heard their native tongue in either preview condition. However, participants in the long-preview condition were significantly slower to respond when there was phonological competition in their less proficient language, despite the fact that the task required no language processing. Past work has indicated that languages are processed more automatically and cause greater interference as proficiency increases. We propose that though higher-proficiency languages may receive greater activation overall, lower-proficiency languages may be more likely to exogenously capture attention due to both relatively greater salience, and relatively less control. The present findings have implications for how we understand the dynamic relationship between language proficiency, activation, and inhibition, suggesting that the salience of the less familiar influences our ability to ignore irrelevant information.
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