Child Maltreatment, Peer Victimization, and Mental Health: Neurocognitive Perspectives on the Cycle of Victimization.
Child Maltreatment, Peer Victimization, and Mental Health: Neurocognitive Perspectives on the Cycle of Victimization.
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DOI：
10.1177/15248380211036393
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发表时间：
2023-04
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
McCrory, Eamon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goemans, Anouk;Viding, Essi;McCrory, Eamon
关键词：
遭受虐待的儿童在其一生中再次受害的风险更大。在童年时期，这种风险往往表现为同伴受害。如果我们要为最弱势的儿童提供有效的支持，了解这种风险的性质及其对心理健康的影响至关重要。使用Google Scholar和PsycINFO进行了系统范围审查。排除了对成人、精神病患者和/或住院患者人群的研究。所包括的研究涉及各种形式的虐待儿童和同龄人受害问题。我们发现了28项关于虐待经历与同伴受害以及同伴拒绝之间关系的研究。我们回顾了记录这些不良童年经历和心理健康之间关系的证据。有证据表明，虐待和同伴受害对心理健康结果有累加效应。一些理论发展框架，描绘可能占协会的假定机制被认为是。在先前研究的基础上，我们讨论了最近的神经认知研究结果的作用，为虐待后心理健康脆弱性的概念化提供了一个多层次的框架。此外，我们考虑如何改变神经认知功能虐待后可能会揭示为什么受影响的儿童更容易受到同龄人的伤害。具体来说，我们认为威胁，奖励和自传体记忆系统和他们的角色有关的压力产生，压力易感性和社会薄。这种机械的理解是必要的，如果我们要减少同伴受害的可能性，暴露于虐待的儿童，并转移到一个预防性的精神卫生保健模式。
Children who experience maltreatment are at increased risk of revictimization across the life span. In childhood, this risk often manifests as peer victimization. Understanding the nature of this risk, and its impact on mental health, is critical if we are to provide effective support for those children who are most vulnerable. A systematic scoping review was conducted using Google Scholar and PsycINFO. Studies on adults, psychiatric, and/or inpatient populations were excluded. Included studies concerned all forms of child maltreatment and peer victimization. We found 28 studies about the association between maltreatment experience and peer victimization as well as peer rejection. We review the evidence documenting the relation between these adverse childhood experiences and mental health. The evidence suggests that maltreatment and peer victimization have additive effects on mental health outcomes. A number of theoretical developmental frameworks that delineate putative mechanisms that might account for an association are considered. Building on prior research, we then discuss the role of recent neurocognitive findings in providing a multilevel framework for conceptualizing mental health vulnerability following maltreatment. In addition, we consider how altered neurocognitive functioning following maltreatment may shed light on why affected children are more likely to be victimized by their peers. Specifically, we consider the threat, reward, and autobiographical memory systems and their role in relation to stress generation, stress susceptibility, and social thinning. Such a mechanistic understanding is necessary if we are to reduce the likelihood of peer victimization in children exposed to maltreatment, and move to a preventative model of mental health care.
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