Identification of genomic regions and the isoamylase gene for reduced grain chalkiness in rice.
Identification of genomic regions and the isoamylase gene for reduced grain chalkiness in rice.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0122013
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Yu S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sun W;Zhou Q;Yao Y;Qiu X;Xie K;Yu S
籽粒垩白度是重要的籽粒品质，与胚乳中的淀粉粒有关。高比例的谷物垩白是一个主要问题，因为它会降低大米的品质。在这里，我们报告了利用染色体片段替换系群体的高通量单核苷酸多态性基因分型来鉴定谷物垩白的数量性状位点，其中每个系在籼稻品种 ZS97 的遗传背景下携带一个或几个引入的粳稻品种日本晴片段。通常针对籽粒垩白度百分比和胚乳垩白度鉴定出十个数量性状基因座区域。其中九个数量性状基因座的等位基因效应降低了谷物的垩白度。此外，8号染色体上的数量性状基因座（qPGC8-2）在染色体片段替换系衍生的分离群体中得到了验证，并且在近等基因系的多环境评估中对白垩性具有稳定的影响。异淀粉酶基因 (ISA1) 位于 qPGC8-2 区域，优先在胚乳中表达，并揭示了日本晴和 ZS97 两个品种之间的一些核苷酸多态性。通过 RNA 干扰抑制 ISA1 的转基因品系产生的谷物的垩白度比对照多 20%。结果支持该基因可能是导致谷物垩白的 qPGC8-2 的基础。近等基因系的多环境试验还表明，有利等位基因（例如低垩白度的 ISA1 基因和长粒的 GS3 基因）的组合显着改善了 ZS97 的籽粒品质，这对水稻育种计划中的籽粒品质改良很有用。
Grain chalkiness is an important grain quality related to starch granules in the endosperm. A high percentage of grain chalkiness is a major problem because it diminishes grain quality in rice. Here, we report quantitative trait loci identification for grain chalkiness using high-throughput single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping of a chromosomal segment substitution line population in which each line carried one or a few introduced japonica cultivar Nipponbare segments in the genetic background of the indica cultivar ZS97. Ten quantitative trait loci regions were commonly identified for the percentage of grain chalkiness and the degree of endosperm chalkiness. The allelic effects at nine of these quantitative trait loci reduced grain chalkiness. Furthermore, a quantitative trait locus (qPGC8-2) on chromosome 8 was validated in a chromosomal segment substitution line–derived segregation population, and had a stable effect on chalkiness in a multiple-environment evaluation of the near-isogenic lines. Residing on the qPGC8-2 region, the isoamylase gene (ISA1) was preferentially expressed in the endosperm and revealed some nucleotide polymorphisms between two varieties, Nipponbare and ZS97. Transgenic lines with suppression of ISA1 by RNA interference produced grains with 20% more chalkiness than the control. The results support that the gene may underlie qPGC8-2 for grain chalkiness. The multiple-environment trials of the near-isogenic lines also show that combination of the favorable alleles such as the ISA1 gene for low chalkiness and the GS3 gene for long grains considerably improved grain quality of ZS97, which proves useful for grain quality improvement in rice breeding programs.
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