Cognitive costs of encoding novel natural activities: Can “learning by doing” be distracting and deceptive?
Cognitive costs of encoding novel natural activities: Can “learning by doing” be distracting and deceptive?
复制标题
编码新颖的自然活动的认知成本：“边做边学”会分散注意力并具有欺骗性吗？
DOI：
10.1080/17470218.2015.1087581
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Steffens
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
von Stülpnagel;Schult;Richter;Steffens
动作记忆研究的结果表明，简单动作和自然活动的实施会产生与观察结果相似的记忆表现。然而，人们对待研究的行为和活动编码过程中条件之间的潜在差异知之甚少。我们分析了编码两种新颖的自然主义活动的认知成本，这些活动是通过四个实验中的表演或观察来研究的。除了记忆表现之外，我们还通过次要任务测量客观认知成本，并通过对脑力努力的重复评级和一般活动难度的估计来测量主观认知成本。在所有实验中，不同研究条件下的记忆表现都具有可比性。重复实施活动导致次要任务的反应时间比观察慢，这表明客观成本更高。相比之下，颁布后主观成本的评价低于观察后的评价。哑剧制定条件的调查结果表明，制定后主观成本的低评级代表了对任务需求的误解。我们的研究结果表明，人们普遍认为“边做边学”是一种简单的学习方式，这并不是源于记忆表现的实际优势，而是源于对个人表现的持续反馈。
Findings from action memory research suggest that the enactment of simple actions and naturalistic activities results in similar memory performance to that from their observation. However, little is known about potential differences between the conditions during the encoding of the to-be-studied actions and activities. We analysed the cognitive costs of encoding two novel naturalistic activities studied via enactment or via observation in four experiments. In addition to memory performance, we measured objective cognitive costs with a secondary task and subjective cognitive costs with repeated ratings of mental effort and estimates of general activity difficulty. Memory performance was comparable across study conditions throughout all experiments. The enactment of activities repeatedly resulted in slower reaction times in the secondary task than did observation, suggesting higher objective costs. In contrast, subjective costs were rated lower after enactment than after observation. Findings from a pantomimic enactment condition suggested that the low ratings of subjective costs after enactment represent a misinterpretation of task demands. Our findings imply that the widespread belief about “learning by doing” as an easy way of learning does not stem from an actual advantage in memory performance, but rather from continuous feedback about one's performance resulting from enactment.
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影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Engelkamp, J;Zimmer, HD
通讯作者：
Zimmer, HD
行动、心理活动和工作记忆
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
R. Logie;J. Engelkamp;J. Dehn;Sue Rudkin
通讯作者：
Sue Rudkin
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
BACKMAN, L;NILSSON, LG;CHALOM, D
通讯作者：
CHALOM, D
影响因子：
3
作者：
M. Nadar;J. Mcdowd
通讯作者：
J. Mcdowd
注意力分散对言语事件和动作事件的自由回忆和暗示回忆的影响
DOI：
10.3758/bf03334767
发表时间：
1991
期刊：
Bulletin of the psychonomic society
影响因子：
--
作者：
L. Bäckman;L. Nilsson
通讯作者：
L. Nilsson