Impacts of grassland management on wader nest predation rates in adjacent nature reserves
Impacts of grassland management on wader nest predation rates in adjacent nature reserves
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草原管理对邻近自然保护区鸻鹬被捕食率的影响
DOI：
10.1111/acv.12283
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Leigh S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Leigh S
在过去的世纪里，湿地遭受了严重的损失和退化，主要是由于农业发展。在英国，潮湿的草原栖息地支持重要的繁殖涉禽种群，但农业集约化导致严重的人口下降。自然保护区的管理可以成功地吸引繁殖涉禽，但生产力受到这些相对较小地区的巢穴和雏鸟的通才捕食者的影响。针对农业环境管理，在保护区周围形成缓冲区，已被提议作为改善景观连通性的潜在战略。然而，这种策略对捕食者运动和活动的影响是未知的。在这里，我们评估是否捕食率涉禽巢和捕食者活动的湿地草原保护区内和跨是否相邻的农田是根据农业环境计划（AES）管理繁殖涉禽的影响。在AES管理的土地附近的领域，狐狸活动较高，巢捕食率保持不变，随着距离的增加，从保护区边缘到保护区。相反，狐狸的活动和涉禽巢捕食率较低，在领域接近保护区边缘和毗邻的商业用地，并增加与保护区边缘的距离，但只有在其他地方看到的水平上的保护区。这表明捕食者集中活动远离商业农田，并且在自然保护区周围部署AES对巢捕食的后果可能取决于它们吸引繁殖涉禽的程度以及任何随之而来的密度依赖效应对捕食率的影响。
Wetlands have undergone significant loss and degradation over the past century, primarily through agricultural development. In the UK, wet grassland habitats support important breeding wader populations, but agricultural intensification has led to severe population declines. Management on nature reserves can be successful at attracting breeding waders, but productivity has been limited by the impacts of generalist predators of nests and chicks in these relatively small areas. Targeting agri‐environment management to form buffer zones around reserves has been proposed as a potential strategy to improve landscape connectivity. However, the implications of such strategies for predator movement and activity are unknown. Here we assess whether predation rates of wader nests and predator activity within and across a wet grassland reserve are influenced by whether adjacent farmland is under agri‐environment scheme (AES) management for breeding waders. In fields adjacent to AES‐managed land, fox activity was higher and nest predation rates remained constant with increasing distance from the reserve edge into the reserve. Conversely, fox activity and wader nest predation rates were lower in fields close to the reserve edge and adjacent to commercial land, and increased with distance from the reserve edge although only to levels seen elsewhere on the reserve. This suggests that predators concentrate activity away from commercial farmland, and that the consequences for nest predation of deploying AES around nature reserves will likely depend on the extent to which they attract breeding waders and the strength of any consequent density‐dependent effects on predation rates.
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