Components of Executive Control in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Examination of Dual-Mechanism Accounts.
Components of Executive Control in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Examination of Dual-Mechanism Accounts.
复制标题
自闭症谱系障碍中执行控制的组成部分：双重力学帐户的功能磁共振成像检查。
DOI：
10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.11.008
复制
发表时间：
2021-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Solomon M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gordon A;Krug MK;Wulff R;Elliott MV;Hogeveen J;Lesh T;Carter C;Solomon M
目前尚不清楚自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 中的执行控制 (EC) 缺陷是否代表主动 EC（在认知要求较高的事件之前参与并维持）或反应性 EC（事件发生时短暂参与）的失败。我们通过在功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 期间对自闭症和典型发育 (TD) 个体样本中的 EC 成分进行研究的范式来解决这个问题。 141 名参与者（NASD = 64，NTD = 77）在功能磁共振成像期间完成了快速准备克服优势任务，该任务要求参与者根据最初呈现的提示的颜色对箭头探针做出反应。我们检查了任务提示和探测阶段的额顶叶任务控制、扣带盖骨任务控制、显着性和默认模式网络的功能招募和连接。自闭症参与者表现出行为 EC 损伤的证据。对功能招募和连接的分析表明，自闭症参与者在与主动控制过程相关的网络提示期间表现出明显更大的活动，但在认知要求较低的试验中。在认知要求更高的试验中，各组的提示活动相似。在探索过程中，与反应性控制过程相关的区域之间的连通性在 ASD 中更高要求（相对于要求较低）的试验中得到了独特的增强，但在 TD 中却没有。目前的数据表明，自闭症谱系障碍中常见的 EC 缺陷并不是由于未能参与主动或反应性 EC 形式而引起的，而是由于主动 EC 减少以及随之而来的过度依赖反应性 EC 来完成认知要求更高的任务。
It remains unclear whether executive control (EC) deficits in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) represent a failure in proactive EC (engaged and maintained before a cognitively demanding event), or reactive EC (engaged transiently as the event occurs). We addressed this question by administering a paradigm investigating components of EC in a sample of autistic and typically developing (TD) individuals during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). 141 participants (NASD=64, NTD=77) completed a rapid Preparing to Overcome Prepotency task during fMRI that required participants to respond to an arrow probe based on the color of an initially presented cue. We examined functional recruitment and connectivity in the fronto-parietal task control, cingulo-opercular task control, salience and default mode networks during cue and probe phases of the task. Autistic participants showed evidence of behavioral EC impairment. Analyses of functional recruitment and connectivity revealed that autistic participants showed significantly greater activity during the cue in networks associated with proactive control processes but on less cognitively demanding trials. On the more cognitively demanding trials, cue activity was similar across groups. During the probe, connectivity between regions associated with reactive control processes was uniquely enhanced on more-demanding (relative to less demanding) trials in ASD, but not in TD. The current data suggest that rather than arising from a specific failure to engage proactive or reactive forms of EC, the deficits in EC commonly observed in ASD may be due to reduced proactive EC and a consequent over-reliance on reactive EC on more cognitively demanding tasks.
登录
查看更多内容
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0504136102
发表时间：
2005-07-05
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Fox, MD;Snyder, AZ;Raichle, ME
通讯作者：
Raichle, ME
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Gratton C;Sun H;Petersen SE
通讯作者：
Petersen SE
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Czernochowski D;Nessler D;Friedman D
通讯作者：
Friedman D
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Barber, AD;Carter, CS
通讯作者：
Carter, CS
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Edwards, Bethany G.;Barch, Deanna M.;Braver, Todd S.
通讯作者：
Braver, Todd S.