The massacre mass grave of Schöneck-Kilianstädten reveals new insights into collective violence in Early Neolithic Central Europe
The massacre mass grave of Schöneck-Kilianstädten reveals new insights into collective violence in Early Neolithic Central Europe
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Schöneck-Kilianstädten 的屠杀集体坟墓揭示了对新石器时代早期中欧集体暴力的新见解
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1504365112
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
K. Alt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Christiane Meyer;Christian Lohr;D. Gronenborn;K. Alt
意义这里展示的与新石器时代早期大屠杀有关的Schöeck-Kilianstädten集体坟墓为正在进行的中欧史前战争的讨论提供了新的数据和见解。尽管从对人类骨骼遗骸的分析中收集到的几个特征支持和强化了基于这次为数不多的已知大屠杀地点的先前假设，但这里确定的故意残害暴力受害者的模式具有特殊意义。在新石器时代早期战争的证据中增加另一个关键地点，通常可以更有力和可靠地重建致命大规模暴力事件爆发的范围和频率的可能原因，以及这些事件对塑造中欧新石器时代进一步发展的总体影响。在有关欧洲新石器时代的讨论中，冲突和战争是核心但也是有争议的主题。尽管最近的一些人口研究提供了广泛的概述，但目前已知的关键遗址中只有非常有限的数量能够准确地洞察极端和大规模暴力的时刻及其对新石器时代社会的影响。德国Talheim和奥地利Asparn/Schletz的大屠杀遗址长期以来一直是关于新石器时代早期Linearband keramik文化(LBK)的第一批中欧农民最后的致命危机的假设集中的焦点。随着最近对LBK德国舍内克-Kilianstädten乱葬场的研究，我们为另一场大屠杀提供了新的确凿和无可争辩的证据，为LBK暴力模式的讨论增加了新的数据。至少26人被钝器和箭伤暴力杀害，然后被埋在一个混合的集体坟墓中。尽管之前在其他地点也出现过年轻女性缺席和可能被绑架的情况，但在这里发现了一种与暴力有关的新模式：故意和系统性地打断腿部。大量确认的死前骨折清楚地表明受害者遭受酷刑和/或肢解。这里提出的关于大规模明确的致命暴力的新证据是对中欧新石器时代早期的展望，并结合以前的结果表明，对整个社区的屠杀并不是孤立的事件，而是LBK最后阶段的常见特征。
Significance The Early Neolithic massacre-related mass grave of Schöneck-Kilianstädten presented here provides new data and insights for the ongoing discussions of prehistoric warfare in Central Europe. Although several characteristics gleaned from the analysis of the human skeletal remains support and strengthen previous hypotheses based on the few known massacre sites of this time, a pattern of intentional mutilation of violence victims identified here is of special significance. Adding another key site to the evidence for Early Neolithic warfare generally allows more robust and reliable reconstructions of the possible reasons for the extent and frequency of outbreaks of lethal mass violence and the general impact these events had on shaping the further development of the Central European Neolithic. Conflict and warfare are central but also disputed themes in discussions about the European Neolithic. Although a few recent population studies provide broad overviews, only a very limited number of currently known key sites provide precise insights into moments of extreme and mass violence and their impact on Neolithic societies. The massacre sites of Talheim, Germany, and Asparn/Schletz, Austria, have long been the focal points around which hypotheses concerning a final lethal crisis of the first Central European farmers of the Early Neolithic Linearbandkeramik Culture (LBK) have concentrated. With the recently examined LBK mass grave site of Schöneck-Kilianstädten, Germany, we present new conclusive and indisputable evidence for another massacre, adding new data to the discussion of LBK violence patterns. At least 26 individuals were violently killed by blunt force and arrow injuries before being deposited in a commingled mass grave. Although the absence and possible abduction of younger females has been suggested for other sites previously, a new violence-related pattern was identified here: the intentional and systematic breaking of lower limbs. The abundance of the identified perimortem fractures clearly indicates torture and/or mutilation of the victims. The new evidence presented here for unequivocal lethal violence on a large scale is put into perspective for the Early Neolithic of Central Europe and, in conjunction with previous results, indicates that massacres of entire communities were not isolated occurrences but rather were frequent features of the last phases of the LBK.
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尤劳悼词：德国萨克森-安哈尔特州绳纹器多重墓葬中致命暴力的生物考古学解释
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
C. Meyer;G. Brandt;V. Haak;R. Ganslmeier;H. Meller;K. W. Alt
通讯作者：
K. W. Alt
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Ricaut, FX;Fedoseeva, A;Ludes, B
通讯作者：
Ludes, B
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Vicky M. Oelze;A. Siebert;N. Nicklisch;H. Meller;Veit Dresely;K. Alt
通讯作者：
Vicky M. Oelze;A. Siebert;N. Nicklisch;H. Meller;Veit Dresely;K. Alt
德国萨克森-安哈尔特州卡尔斯多夫 LBK 遗址的定居点墓葬
DOI：
10.5871/bacad/9780197265758.003.0006
发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
G. Brandt;C. Knipper;N. Nicklisch;A. Siebert;R. Ganslmeier;H. Meller;K. W. Alt
通讯作者：
K. W. Alt
影响因子：
9.8
作者：
Haak W;Balanovsky O;Sanchez JJ;Koshel S;Zaporozhchenko V;Adler CJ;Der Sarkissian CS;Brandt G;Schwarz C;Nicklisch N;Dresely V;Fritsch B;Balanovska E;Villems R;Meller H;Alt KW;Cooper A;Members of the Genographic Consortium
通讯作者：
Members of the Genographic Consortium