Optogenetics and thermogenetics: technologies for controlling the activity of targeted cells within intact neural circuits.
Optogenetics and thermogenetics: technologies for controlling the activity of targeted cells within intact neural circuits.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.conb.2011.10.023
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发表时间：
2012-02
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Boyden ES
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bernstein JG;Garrity PA;Boyden ES
近年来，人们越来越关注以时间精确的方式操纵嵌入密集布线的脑回路中的特定神经元的电活动的能力，以揭示特定神经元如何促进行为和神经计算，并开辟脑疾病临床治疗的新视野。能够在时间上精确控制特定神经元（而不是这些神经元的邻居--其细胞体或过程可能只有几十到几百纳米远--的电活动的技术必须涉及两个组件。首先，它们需要一个瞬时能量脉冲作为触发器，以支持控制的时间精度。其次，它们需要一种分子敏化剂，这种分子敏化剂可以在特定的神经元中表达，并使这些神经元对传递的触发能量产生特异性反应。光遗传学工具，如微生物视蛋白，可用于通过短暂的光脉冲激活或沉默神经活动。热发生工具，如热敏TRP通道，可用于驱动温度升高或降低下游的神经活动。我们在这里讨论的原则，这两个最近开发的，但广泛使用的，工具箱，以及在使用和改进这些工具箱的方向。
In recent years, interest has grown in the ability to manipulate, in a temporally precise fashion, the electrical activity of specific neurons embedded within densely wired brain circuits, in order to reveal how specific neurons subserve behaviors and neural computations, and to open up new horizons on the clinical treatment of brain disorders. Technologies that enable temporally precise control of electrical activity of specific neurons, and not these neurons ’ neighbors – whose cell bodies or processes might be just tens to hundreds of nanometers away – must involve two components. First, they require as a trigger a transient pulse of energy that supports the temporal precision of the control. Second, they require a molecular sensitizer that can be expressed in specific neurons and which renders those neurons specifically responsive to the triggering energy delivered. Optogenetic tools, such as microbial opsins, can be used to activate or silence neural activity with brief pulses of light. Thermogenetic tools, such as thermosensitive TRP channels, can be used to drive neural activity downstream of increases or decreases in temperature. We here discuss the principles underlying the operation of these two recently developed, but widely used, toolboxes, as well as the directions being taken in the use and improvement of these toolboxes.
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DOI：
10.1126/science.1190721
发表时间：
2010-07-30
期刊：
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Gourine AV;Kasymov V;Marina N;Tang F;Figueiredo MF;Lane S;Teschemacher AG;Spyer KM;Deisseroth K;Kasparov S
通讯作者：
Kasparov S
影响因子：
16.2
作者：
Arenkiel, Benjamin R.;Peca, Joao;Feng, Guoping
通讯作者：
Feng, Guoping
影响因子：
48
作者：
Bruegmann, Tobias;Malan, Daniela;Sasse, Philipp
通讯作者：
Sasse, Philipp
影响因子：
25
作者：
Boyden, ES;Zhang, F;Deisseroth, K
通讯作者：
Deisseroth, K
影响因子：
25
作者：
Banghart, M;Borges, K;Kramer, RH
通讯作者：
Kramer, RH