A unified mechanism for the control of Drosophila wing growth by the morphogens Decapentaplegic and Wingless.
A unified mechanism for the control of Drosophila wing growth by the morphogens Decapentaplegic and Wingless.
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十五麻黄和无翅形态因子控制果蝇翅膀生长的统一机制。
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.3001111
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发表时间：
2021-03
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Struhl G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zecca M;Struhl G
果蝇翅膀的发育是器官发育的一个范例，由两种形态发生素控制，即Decapentaplegic（Dpp，BMP）和Wingless（Wg，Wnt）。这两种蛋白质都是由确定的细胞亚群产生的，并向外扩散，形成梯度，控制基因表达和细胞模式作为浓度的函数。它们也控制生长，但如何控制尚不清楚。大多数研究都集中在Dpp上，并产生了不同的模型，在这些模型中，整个翅膀的细胞以相似的速度生长，以响应Dpp浓度的等级或时间变化，或者响应通过分子或机械反馈“均衡”的不同Dpp量。相比之下，Wg的模型假定生长是由形态发生范围的逐步扩大所控制的，通过一种机制，其中Wg的最小阈值维持翅膀内细胞的生长，并招募周围的“前翅”细胞生长并进入翅膀。这种机制取决于Wg的能力，以燃料的自动调节的残留（Vg）-选择基因，指定翼状态-既维持Vg表达的翅膀细胞和前馈（FF）电路的脂肪（Ft）/Dachsous（Ds）原钙粘蛋白信号转导诱导Vg表达在相邻的前翅细胞。在这里，我们对Dpp进行了用于阐明Wg模型的相同实验测试，并发现它的行为无可争议。因此，我们认为这两种形态发生素共同作用，通过一种共同的机制，控制翅膀的生长作为形态发生素范围的函数。果蝇翅膀的生长依赖于形态发生剂Decapentaplegic（BMP家族的一员）和Wingless（Wnt家族的一员）通过其维持翅膀细胞生长和诱导邻近细胞生长并进入翅膀的能力进行性向外扩散。
Development of the Drosophila wing—a paradigm of organ development—is governed by 2 morphogens, Decapentaplegic (Dpp, a BMP) and Wingless (Wg, a Wnt). Both proteins are produced by defined subpopulations of cells and spread outwards, forming gradients that control gene expression and cell pattern as a function of concentration. They also control growth, but how is unknown. Most studies have focused on Dpp and yielded disparate models in which cells throughout the wing grow at similar rates in response to the grade or temporal change in Dpp concentration or to the different amounts of Dpp “equalized” by molecular or mechanical feedbacks. In contrast, a model for Wg posits that growth is governed by a progressive expansion in morphogen range, via a mechanism in which a minimum threshold of Wg sustains the growth of cells within the wing and recruits surrounding “pre-wing” cells to grow and enter the wing. This mechanism depends on the capacity of Wg to fuel the autoregulation of vestigial (vg)—the selector gene that specifies the wing state—both to sustain vg expression in wing cells and by a feed-forward (FF) circuit of Fat (Ft)/Dachsous (Ds) protocadherin signaling to induce vg expression in neighboring pre-wing cells. Here, we have subjected Dpp to the same experimental tests used to elucidate the Wg model and find that it behaves indistinguishably. Hence, we posit that both morphogens act together, via a common mechanism, to control wing growth as a function of morphogen range. Drosophila wing growth depends on the progressive outward spread of the morphogens Decapentaplegic (a member of the BMP family) and Wingless (a member of the Wnt family) via their capacity to sustain the growth of wing cells and to induce neighboring cells to grow and enter the wing.
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