Is the Influence of Religiosity on Attitudes and Behaviors Stronger in less Religious or more Religious Societies? A Review of Theories and Contradictory Evidence
Is the Influence of Religiosity on Attitudes and Behaviors Stronger in less Religious or more Religious Societies? A Review of Theories and Contradictory Evidence
复制标题
宗教信仰对态度和行为的影响在宗教较少的社会还是宗教较多的社会中更强？
DOI：
10.1007/s11577-019-00610-0
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Pascal
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Siegers;Pascal
宗教的跨文化研究表明，不同国家的宗教信仰对道德和社会结果的影响存在很大差异。许多作者都提出了个人宗教信仰的影响如何取决于宗教背景的问题。然而，这些发现是相互矛盾的，令人怀疑结果的有效性。本文回顾了宗教环境对个体宗教信仰影响的调节作用。它揭示了现有研究的局限性，这些局限性可能解释了相互矛盾的发现。最值得注意的是，作者倾向于假设所有宗教都有类似的影响，而没有讨论他们发现的影响与教派差异相混淆的可能性。由于可获得的比较数据有限，因此存在较高的选择偏倚风险，因为几乎所有研究都使用来自相同数量的国际调查项目的数据。此外，宗教性和宗教语境的操作化没有充分反映理论方法。本文提出了一些建议，以改进未来关于宗教背景如何塑造个人宗教信仰影响的研究。
Cross-cultural studies of religion have shown that there is substantial variation in the effects of religiosity on moral and social outcomes across countries. Many authors have addressed the question of how the effects of individual religiosity depend on the religious context. The findings, however, are contradictory, casting doubts on the validity of results. The current paper reviews the existing research on how the religious context moderates the effects of individual religiosity. It reveals the limitations of existing studies, and these limitations might explain the contradictory findings. Most notably, authors tend to assume similar effects from all religions without discussing the possibility of the effects that they find being confounded with differences across denominations. Given the limited set of available comparative data, there is a high risk of selection bias because almost all the studies use data from the same limited number of international survey projects. Moreover, the operationalizations of religiosity and religious context do not sufficiently reflect the theoretical approaches. The paper gives recommendations to improve future research on how religious contexts shape the effects of individual religiosity.
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