Biodegradation of Gramineous Lignocellulose by Locusta migratoria manilensis (Orthoptera: Acridoidea).
Biodegradation of Gramineous Lignocellulose by Locusta migratoria manilensis (Orthoptera: Acridoidea).
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马尼拉飞蝗（直翅目：蝗总科）对禾本科木质纤维素的生物降解
DOI：
10.3389/fbioe.2022.943692
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Song, Andong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang, Hongsen;Li, Zhenya;Zhang, Hongfei;Li, Yan;Wang, Fengqin;Xie, Hui;Su, Lijuan;Song, Andong
关键词：
探索高效、绿色的前处理方法是发展生物炼油厂的重要前提。众所周知，蝗虫能有效地降解禾本科植物木质纤维素。蝗虫可以作为研究植物细胞壁降解的潜在资源，但到目前为止，关于蝗虫的相关研究还很少。在此基础上，揭示了蝗虫对禾本科木质纤维素的生物降解过程的新发现。测定了取食玉米叶的蝗虫不同肠段中与木质纤维素降解相关的酶活性以及纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的含量。利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射谱(XRD)和热重分析(TG)对玉米叶片和蝗虫粪便进行了一系列表征分析。结果表明，蝗虫前肠中的羧甲基纤维素酶(CMCase)、滤纸纤维素酶(FPA)和木聚糖酶活性最高，说明前肠是蝗虫木质纤维的主要降解环节，且大部分营养成分被中肠吸收。根据FE-SEM、FTIR、X射线衍射仪和热重分析的结果，CMC酶的活性显著高于木聚糖酶，而锰过氧化物酶的活性最低，这可能是由于蝗虫的基本营养成分是纤维素和半纤维素，而不是木质素。总之，这些结果为了解秸秆类植物细胞壁解构和蝗虫抗性提供了有价值的见解，这可能有助于开发模拟蝗虫消化系统的新的酶前处理工艺，将木质纤维生物质生物化学转化为燃料和化学品。
Exploring an efficient and green pretreatment method is an important prerequisite for the development of biorefinery. It is well known that locusts can degrade gramineous lignocellulose efficiently. Locusts can be used as a potential resource for studying plant cell wall degradation, but there are few relative studies about locusts so far. Herein, some new discoveries were revealed about elucidating the process of biodegradation of gramineous lignocellulose in Locusta migratoria manilensis. The enzyme activity related to lignocellulose degradation and the content of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in the different gut segments of locusts fed corn leaves were measured in this study. A series of characterization analyses were conducted on corn leaves and locust feces, which included field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. These results showed that the highest activities of carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase), filter paper cellulase (FPA), and xylanase were obtained in the foregut of locusts, which strongly indicated that the foregut was the main lignocellulose degradation segment in locusts; furthermore, the majority of nutritional components were absorbed in the midgut of locusts. The activity of CMCase was significantly higher than that of xylanase, and manganese peroxidase (MnPase) activity was lowest, which might be due to the basic nutrition of locusts being cellulose and hemicellulose and not lignin based on the results of FE-SEM, FTIR, XRD, and TG analysis. Overall, these results provided a valuable insight into lignocellulosic degradation mechanisms for understanding gramineous plant cell wall deconstruction and recalcitrance in locusts, which could be useful in the development of new enzymatic pretreatment processes mimicking the locust digestive system for the biochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to fuels and chemicals.
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