Context modulates attention to social scenes in toddlers with autism.
Context modulates attention to social scenes in toddlers with autism.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02538.x
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发表时间：
2012-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Shic F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chawarska K;Macari S;Shic F
在典型的发展中，社交和沟通技能的发展取决于分配和维持对人的注意力的能力，这是一种出生后立即出现的技能。自闭症患者的社会注意力缺陷已经得到了很好的证明，尽管对潜在的机制知之甚少。为了分析自闭症幼儿社会注意力有限的因素，我们操纵了一个人出现在他们视野中的背景，关于存在显著的社会（儿童导向的言语和眼神接触）和非社会（分心玩具）注意力线索。参与者包括13至25个月大的自闭症（AUT; n=54），发育迟缓（DD; n=22）和典型发育（TD; n=48）幼儿。他们的视觉反应是用眼动仪记录的。在没有眼神接触和言语的条件下，自闭症幼儿的社会场景的关键特征之间的注意力分配与DD和TD对照组相当。然而，当引入明确的二元线索时，自闭症幼儿对整个场景的注意力下降，当他们看着场景时，他们花在说话者的脸和监视她的嘴唇运动的时间比对照组少。在自闭症幼儿中，探索整个场景的时间减少与症状严重程度增加和非语言功能降低有关;非典型语言特征与对说话者面部和嘴巴的监测减少有关。虽然在某些情况下，自闭症幼儿以典型的方式关注人和物体，但他们对注意力的二元线索的注意力反应下降。考虑到支持对二元线索的反应性的机制在出生后不久就存在，并且对社会认知和沟通的发展非常重要，这些发现对于理解有限社会监测的潜在机制和确定治疗的关键目标具有重要意义。
In typical development, the unfolding of social and communicative skills hinges upon the ability to allocate and sustain attention towards people, a skill present moments after birth. Deficits in social attention have been well documented in autism, though the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In order to parse the factors that are responsible for limited social attention in toddlers with autism, we manipulated the context in which a person appeared in their visual field with regard to the presence of salient social (child-directed speech and eye contact) and nonsocial (distractor toys) cues for attention. Participants included 13- to 25-month-old toddlers with autism (AUT; n=54), developmental delay (DD; n=22), and typical development (TD; n=48). Their visual responses were recorded with an eye-tracker. In conditions devoid of eye contact and speech, the distribution of attention between key features of the social scene in toddlers with autism was comparable to that in DD and TD controls. However, when explicit dyadic cues were introduced, toddlers with autism showed decreased attention to the entire scene and, when they looked at the scene, they spent less time looking at the speaker’s face and monitoring her lip movements than the control groups. In toddlers with autism, decreased time spent exploring the entire scene was associated with increased symptom severity and lower nonverbal functioning; atypical language profiles were associated with decreased monitoring of the speaker’s face and her mouth. While in certain contexts toddlers with autism attend to people and objects in a typical manner, they show decreased attentional response to dyadic cues for attention. Given that mechanisms supporting responsivity to dyadic cues are present shortly after birth and are highly consequential for development of social cognition and communication, these findings have important implications for the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of limited social monitoring and identifying pivotal targets for treatment.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Chawarska, Katarzyna;Volkmar, Fred
通讯作者：
Volkmar, Fred
影响因子：
--
作者：
Jones, Warren;Carr, Katelin;Klin, Ami
通讯作者：
Klin, Ami
DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02101.x
发表时间：
2009-10-01
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
Chawarska, Katarzyna;Klin, Ami;Volkmar, Fred
通讯作者：
Volkmar, Fred
DOI：
10.3109/13682820903461493
发表时间：
2010-11-01
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Hudry, Kristelle;Leadbitter, Kathy;Charman, Tony
通讯作者：
Charman, Tony
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Fox E;Russo R;Dutton K
通讯作者：
Dutton K