The Olfactory Bulb: An Immunosensory Effector Organ during Neurotropic Viral Infections.
The Olfactory Bulb: An Immunosensory Effector Organ during Neurotropic Viral Infections.
复制标题
嗅球：神经性病毒感染期间的免疫感觉效应器官。
DOI：
10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00043
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发表时间：
2016-04-20
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Klein RS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Durrant DM;Ghosh S;Klein RS
1935年，嗅觉途径被假设为病毒进入中枢神经系统（CNS）的门户。这一假设基于以下实验：通过切断鼻腔嗅神经上皮（ONE）和嗅球（OB）之间的嗅束，防止猴中脊髓灰质炎病毒的鼻咽感染扩散到其CNS。从那时起，已经观察到许多嗜神经病毒通过沿着嗅觉感觉神经元的轴突逆行转运进入CNS，所述嗅觉感觉神经元的细胞体驻留在ONE中。重要的是，这种感染途径甚至可以在皮下接种可引起人类脑炎的虫媒病毒后发生。虽然嗅觉途径现在被认为是病毒进入中枢神经系统的重要途径，但尚不清楚它是否为感染传播到其他大脑区域提供了途径。最近，对嗅球内的抗病毒先天性和适应性免疫反应的研究表明，它提供了早期病毒控制。在这里，我们将审查的数据表明，嗜神经病毒最初通过嗅觉途径进入中枢神经系统，重点研究结果表明，OB是一个重要的免疫感觉效应器官，有效地清除病毒。
In 1935, the olfactory route was hypothesized to be a portal for virus entry into the central nervous system (CNS). This hypothesis was based on experiments in which nasophayngeal infection with poliovirus in monkeys was prevented from spreading to their CNS via transection of olfactory tracts between the olfactory neuroepithelium (ONE) of the nasal cavity and the olfactory bulb (OB). Since then, numerous neurotropic viruses have been observed to enter the CNS via retrograde transport along axons of olfactory sensory neurons whose cell bodies reside in the ONE. Importantly, this route of infection can occur even after subcutaneous inoculation of arboviruses that can cause encephalitis in humans. While the olfactory route is now accepted as an important pathway for viral entry into the CNS, it is unclear whether it provides a way for infection to spread to other brain regions. More recently, studies of antiviral innate and adaptive immune responses within the olfactory bulb suggest it provides early virologic control. Here we will review the data demonstrating that neurotropic viruses gain access to the CNS initially via the olfactory route with emphasis on findings that suggest the OB is a critical immunosensory effector organ that effectively clears virus.
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