Eilat virus displays a narrow mosquito vector range.
Eilat virus displays a narrow mosquito vector range.
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DOI：
10.1186/s13071-014-0595-2
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发表时间：
2014-12-17
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Weaver SC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nasar F;Haddow AD;Tesh RB;Weaver SC
大多数甲型病毒是由节肢动物传播的，并利用蚊子作为媒介传播给敏感的脊椎动物宿主。这种同时感染蚊子和脊椎动物的能力对于维持自然界中大多数甲型病毒是必不可少的。最近从库斯坦按蚊池中分离到的一种新的甲型病毒埃拉特病毒(EILV)不能在脊椎动物细胞系中复制。EILV宿主范围的限制发生在附着/进入以及基因组RNA复制水平上。在这里，我们调查了EILV在蚊子中的媒介范围，这些物种包括负责维持自然界中其他甲型病毒的三个属。用白纹伊蚊、埃及伊蚊、冈比亚按蚊和致倦库蚊4种蚊虫，经胸腔和口腔途径，利用表达红色荧光蛋白(−)的病毒克隆进行了敏感性研究。在感染后7天注射107pfu/ml的EILV-eRFP以观察蚊子不同器官的复制情况。蚊子在感染后第7天以104-101pfu/只的速度注射EILV，通过空斑分析检测病毒复制情况。最后，给蚊子提供含有EILV-eRFP的血粉，剂量分别为109、107、105pfu/mL，并在感染后14天测定感染率和传播率。所有四种病毒都通过胸腔途径易感；然而，复制比大多数甲型病毒的典型复制少10-100倍，感染仅限于与中肠相关的肌肉组织和唾液腺。白纹伊蚊对口腔感染不敏感，冈比亚伊蚊和致倦库蚊仅在109pfu/m L剂量时敏感。埃及伊蚊对109和107pfu/mL2种剂量均敏感，体内感染率分别为78%和63%，传播率分别为26%和8%。脊椎动物在其维持周期中被排除在外，可能有助于EILV适应单一蚊子宿主。因此，EILV在蚊子物种中显示的媒介范围很窄，负责维持自然界中的其他甲型病毒。本文的在线版本(doi：10.1186/s13071-0140595-2)包含补充材料，授权用户可以使用。
Most alphaviruses are arthropod-borne and utilize mosquitoes as vectors for transmission to susceptible vertebrate hosts. This ability to infect both mosquitoes and vertebrates is essential for maintenance of most alphaviruses in nature. A recently characterized alphavirus, Eilat virus (EILV), isolated from a pool of Anopheles coustani s.I. is unable to replicate in vertebrate cell lines. The EILV host range restriction occurs at both attachment/entry as well as genomic RNA replication levels. Here we investigated the mosquito vector range of EILV in species encompassing three genera that are responsible for maintenance of other alphaviruses in nature. Susceptibility studies were performed in four mosquito species: Aedes albopictus, A. aegypti, Anopheles gambiae, and Culex quinquefasciatus via intrathoracic and oral routes utilizing EILV and EILV expressing red fluorescent protein (−eRFP) clones. EILV-eRFP was injected at 107 PFU/mL to visualize replication in various mosquito organs at 7 days post-infection. Mosquitoes were also injected with EILV at 104-101 PFU/mosquito and virus replication was measured via plaque assays at day 7 post-infection. Lastly, mosquitoes were provided bloodmeals containing EILV-eRFP at doses of 109, 107, 105 PFU/mL, and infection and dissemination rates were determined at 14 days post-infection. All four species were susceptible via the intrathoracic route; however, replication was 10–100 fold less than typical for most alphaviruses, and infection was limited to midgut-associated muscle tissue and salivary glands. A. albopictus was refractory to oral infection, while A. gambiae and C. quinquefasciatus were susceptible only at 109 PFU/mL dose. In contrast, A. aegypti was susceptible at both 109 and 107 PFU/mL doses, with body infection rates of 78% and 63%, and dissemination rates of 26% and 8%, respectively. The exclusion of vertebrates in its maintenance cycle may have facilitated the adaptation of EILV to a single mosquito host. As a consequence, EILV displays a narrow vector range in mosquito species responsible for the maintenance of other alphaviruses in nature. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-014-0595-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Fornadel, Christen M.;Norris, Laura C.;Norris, Douglas E.
通讯作者：
Norris, Douglas E.
DOI：
10.1038/icb.1982.37
发表时间：
1982-01-01
期刊：
AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICAL SCIENCE
影响因子：
--
作者：
KAY, BH
通讯作者：
KAY, BH
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
BOWERS, DF;ABELL, BA;BROWN, DT
通讯作者：
BROWN, DT
影响因子：
6.7
作者：
Deardorff ER;Fitzpatrick KA;Jerzak GV;Shi PY;Kramer LD;Ebel GD
通讯作者：
Ebel GD
影响因子：
5
作者：
HARDY, JL;REEVES, WC;SJOGREN, RD
通讯作者：
SJOGREN, RD