An innate ability: How do basal invertebrates manage their chronic exposure to microbes?
An innate ability: How do basal invertebrates manage their chronic exposure to microbes?
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.ppat.1010897
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发表时间：
2022-10
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
哺乳动物先天免疫感应和下游通路蛋白的同源物已在多种基础无脊椎动物中发现，包括刺胞动物和海绵，以及一些单细胞原生生物。虽然这些蛋白质的结构在基础生物中各不相同，但在哺乳动物中发现的许多活性是保守的。这对于导致转录因子NF-κB下游活化的Toll样受体（TLR）和cGAS-STING途径尤其如此。在这个简短的观点中，我们描述了TLR和cGAS-STING信号传导到NF-κB也参与基础动物免疫以及微生物共生体维持的证据。与陆生动物不同，许多海洋无脊椎动物的免疫可能具有组成性活跃状态（以防止持续暴露于居民或水生微生物），以及由病原体在转录和转录后水平诱导的过度活跃状态。基础免疫的研究可能是重要的：（1）了解不同的方法，生物体采取的传感和保护免受微生物，以及在维持微生物共生体;（2）新的抗菌效应基因和过程的识别;（3）分子途径，正在改变的基础海洋无脊椎动物在面对不断变化的环境的影响。
Homologs of mammalian innate immune sensing and downstream pathway proteins have been discovered in a variety of basal invertebrates, including cnidarians and sponges, as well as some single-celled protists. Although the structures of these proteins vary among the basal organisms, many of the activities found in their mammalian counterparts are conserved. This is especially true for the Toll-like receptor (TLR) and cGAS-STING pathways that lead to downstream activation of transcription factor NF-κB. In this short perspective, we describe the evidence that TLR and cGAS-STING signaling to NF-κB is also involved in immunity in basal animals, as well as in the maintenance of microbial symbionts. Different from terrestrial animals, immunity in many marine invertebrates might have a constitutively active state (to protect against continual exposure to resident or waterborne microbes), as well as a hyperactive state that can be induced by pathogens at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Research on basal immunity may be important for (1) understanding different approaches that organisms take to sensing and protecting against microbes, as well as in maintaining microbial symbionts; (2) the identification of novel antimicrobial effector genes and processes; and (3) the molecular pathways that are being altered in basal marine invertebrates in the face of the effects of a changing environment.
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影响因子：
7.3
作者：
Kawasaki T;Kawai T
通讯作者：
Kawai T
影响因子：
5.9
作者：
Williams LM;Sridhar S;Samaroo J;Peart J;Adindu EK;Addanki A;DiRusso CJ;BB522 Molecular Biology Laboratory;Aguirre Carrión PJ;Rodriguez-Sastre N;Siggers T;Gilmore TD
通讯作者：
Gilmore TD
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1711530114
发表时间：
2017-11-21
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Brennan, Joseph J.;Messerschmidt, Jonathan L.;Gilmore, Thomas D.
通讯作者：
Gilmore, Thomas D.
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Gauthier, Marie;Degnan, Bernard M.
通讯作者：
Degnan, Bernard M.
影响因子：
7.3
作者：
Schmittmann L;Franzenburg S;Pita L
通讯作者：
Pita L