Genetics, receptor binding property, and transmissibility in mammals of naturally isolated H9N2 Avian Influenza viruses.
Genetics, receptor binding property, and transmissibility in mammals of naturally isolated H9N2 Avian Influenza viruses.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.ppat.1004508
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发表时间：
2014-11
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Chen H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li X;Shi J;Guo J;Deng G;Zhang Q;Wang J;He X;Wang K;Chen J;Li Y;Fan J;Kong H;Gu C;Guan Y;Suzuki Y;Kawaoka Y;Liu L;Jiang Y;Tian G;Li Y;Bu Z;Chen H
几十年来，在许多国家的不同种类的野鸟和家禽中都检测到了H9N2亚型流感病毒。由于这些病毒在家禽中的致病性较低，在许多国家，根除这些病毒并不是动物疾病控制的优先事项，这使得它们能够继续进化和传播。在这里，我们研究了2009年至2013年在中国南部活禽市场检测到的一系列H9N2型流感病毒的遗传变异、受体结合特异性、复制能力和在哺乳动物中的传播。根据基因组多样性，35株病毒代表了17种基因类型，其中一种特殊的“内部基因组合”在H9N2病毒中占主导地位。这种基因组合也存在于感染中国人的H7N9和H10N8病毒中。所有35种病毒都优先与类人受体结合，尽管有两种病毒也保留了与禽类受体结合的能力。在接受测试的九种病毒中，有六种可通过呼吸道飞沫在雪貂身上传播；两种高度可传播。一些H9N2型病毒在感染雪貂后，很容易获得PB2基因的627K或701N突变，进一步增强了它们的毒力和在哺乳动物中的传播。我们的研究表明，H9N2病毒的广泛传播对人类健康构成威胁，不仅是因为这些病毒有可能导致流感大流行，还因为它们可以起到将不同亚型的流感病毒从禽类传播给人类的功能。禽流感病毒继续对人类健康构成挑战。最近，对家禽致病性较低的H7N9和H10N8病毒在中国造成人感染和死亡。H9N2型流感病毒几十年来一直从世界各地的野生和家禽物种中分离出来，其对家禽的低致病性使其在动物疾病控制中处于较低的优先地位，这使得它们能够继续进化和传播。在这里，我们调查了在中国南部活禽市场检测到的一系列H9N2型流感病毒。我们发现，这些病毒能够优先与人型受体结合，其中一些病毒可以引起疾病，并通过呼吸道飞沫在雪貂之间传播。所有可传播的H9N2病毒都有类似的内部基因星座，这在H7N9和H10N8病毒中也存在。我们的研究表明，H9N2病毒的广泛传播对人类健康构成威胁，不仅是因为这些病毒有可能导致流感大流行，还因为它们可以起到将不同亚型的流感病毒从禽类传播给人类的功能。
H9N2 subtype influenza viruses have been detected in different species of wild birds and domestic poultry in many countries for several decades. Because these viruses are of low pathogenicity in poultry, their eradication is not a priority for animal disease control in many countries, which has allowed them to continue to evolve and spread. Here, we characterized the genetic variation, receptor-binding specificity, replication capability, and transmission in mammals of a series of H9N2 influenza viruses that were detected in live poultry markets in southern China between 2009 and 2013. Thirty-five viruses represented 17 genotypes on the basis of genomic diversity, and one specific “internal-gene-combination” predominated among the H9N2 viruses. This gene combination was also present in the H7N9 and H10N8 viruses that have infected humans in China. All of the 35 viruses preferentially bound to the human-like receptor, although two also retained the ability to bind to the avian-like receptor. Six of nine viruses tested were transmissible in ferrets by respiratory droplet; two were highly transmissible. Some H9N2 viruses readily acquired the 627K or 701N mutation in their PB2 gene upon infection of ferrets, further enhancing their virulence and transmission in mammals. Our study indicates that the widespread dissemination of H9N2 viruses poses a threat to human health not only because of the potential of these viruses to cause an influenza pandemic, but also because they can function as “vehicles” to deliver different subtypes of influenza viruses from avian species to humans. Avian influenza viruses continue to present challenges to human health. Recently the H7N9 and H10N8 viruses that are of low pathogenicity for poultry have caused human infections and deaths in China. H9N2 influenza virus have been isolated worldwide from wild and domestic avian species for several decades, and their low pathogenic nature to poultry made them a low priority for animal disease control, which has allowed them to continue to evolve and spread. Here, we investigated a series of H9N2 influenza viruses that were detected in live poultry markets in southern China. We found that these viruses are able to preferentially bind to the human-type receptor, and some of them can cause disease and transmit between ferrets by respiratory droplet. All the transmissible H9N2 viruses have a similar internal gene constellation, which was also present in the H7N9 and H10N8 viruses. Our study indicates that the widespread dissemination of H9N2 viruses poses a threat to human health not only because of the potential of these viruses to cause an influenza pandemic, but also because they can function as “vehicles” to deliver different subtypes of influenza viruses from avian species to humans.
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