Contractility in an extensile system.

Contractility in an extensile system.
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可伸展系统中的收缩性。

DOI:
10.1039/c7sm00449d
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发表时间:
2017
期刊:
影响因子:
3.4
通讯作者:
Ross,JenniferL
Ross,JenniferL
中科院分区:
化学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Stanhope,KasimiraT;Yadav,Vikrant;Santangelo,ChristianD;Ross,JenniferL

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从本质上讲,所有生物都是活跃和动态的。生物实体自主感知,计算和响应使用能量耦合棘轮,可以产生力和做功。细胞骨架,沿着其相关的蛋白质和马达,是生物活性物质的典型例子,其负责货物运输、细胞运动、分裂和形态。以前的工作对细胞骨架活性物质系统表现出伸展或收缩动力学。在这里,我们展示了一个细胞骨架系统,可以控制网络动力学的方向是可伸展的,收缩的,或静态的,这取决于长丝或弱,瞬时交联剂的浓度通过交联剂或微管浓度的系统变化。基于这些新的观察和我们以前发表的结果,我们创建了一个简单的一维模型的相互作用的纤维束。尽管它的简单性,我们的模型概括了我们的实验系统中观察到的活动,这意味着我们的有限网络束的动力学是由本地bundle内的磁丝相互作用。最后,我们表明,收缩阶段可以导致自主运动的网络,类似于细胞。我们的研究结果揭示了细胞自组织的一个根本性的重要方面:弱的,短暂的相互作用的物种可以直接通过调整局部浓度来调节它们的相互作用强度,就像变阻器一样。在这种情况下,当弱的瞬时蛋白质交联微管时,它们可以调节网络的动力学,使其从伸展变为收缩再变为静态。我们的实验和模型使我们能够更深入地了解细胞骨架动力学,并提供了一个新的理解弱,瞬态相互作用的重要性,软和生物系统。
Essentially all biology is active and dynamic. Biological entities autonomously sense, compute, and respond using energy-coupled ratchets that can produce force and do work. The cytoskeleton, along with its associated proteins and motors, is a canonical example of biological active matter, which is responsible for cargo transport, cell motility, division, and morphology. Prior work on cytoskeletal active matter systems showed either extensile or contractile dynamics. Here, we demonstrate a cytoskeletal system that can control the direction of the network dynamics to be either extensile, contractile, or static depending on the concentration of filaments or weak, transient crosslinkers through systematic variation of the crosslinker or microtubule concentrations. Based on these new observations and our previously published results, we created a simple one-dimensional model of the interaction of filaments within a bundle. Despite its simplicity, our model recapitulates the observed activities of our experimental system, implying that the dynamics of our finite networks of bundles are driven by the local filament–filament interactions within the bundle. Finally, we show that contractile phases can result in autonomously motile networks that resemble cells. Our results reveal a fundamentally important aspect of cellular self-organization: weak, transient interacting species can tune their interaction strength directly by tuning the local concentration to act like a rheostat. In this case, when the weak, transient proteins crosslink microtubules, they can tune the dynamics of the network to change from extensile to contractile to static. Our experiments and model allow us to gain a deeper understanding of cytoskeletal dynamics and provide an new understanding of the importance of weak, transient interactions to soft and biological systems.
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