Brain Networks Underlying Strategy Execution and Feedback Processing in an Efficient Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Neurofeedback Training Performed in a Parallel or a Serial Paradigm.
Brain Networks Underlying Strategy Execution and Feedback Processing in an Efficient Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Neurofeedback Training Performed in a Parallel or a Serial Paradigm.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnhum.2021.645048
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Auer T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dewiputri WI;Schweizer R;Auer T
神经反馈（NF）是一个复杂的学习场景，因为这项任务包括在处理反馈信号的同时尝试心理策略，这意味着大脑区域的自我调节激活，并作为潜在的奖励信号。为了剖析这些子成分，我们在两种范式下获得了与有效自我调节相关的全脑网络：并行，即任务同时执行，将反馈与策略执行相结合；串行，即任务连续执行，将反馈处理与策略执行分开。20名参与者在为期2周的18个疗程中尝试使用功能性磁共振成像（fMRI） NF来控制他们的前中扣带皮层（aMCC），使用认知和情绪心理策略。我们分析了全脑fMRI在NF训练中的激活情况，其中串联和并行范式的aMCC激活最大。在串行范式中，策略执行和反馈处理周期的长度相等，从而允许对两个任务子组件进行具有相等功率的描述。所得到的激活图在空间上与功能注释的内在连接脑图（BMs）相关。平行状态下的脑激活与基底神经节（BG）网络、扣谷-眼网络（CON）和额顶叶控制网络（FPCN）相关；具有默认模式网络（DMN）、FPCN和视觉处理网络的串行策略执行条件下的脑激活；而在串行反馈处理条件下，脑激活以CON、DMN和FPCN为主。进一步的比较表明，BG的激活是平行范式的特征，而边缘上回（SMG）和颞上回（STG）的激活是串行范式的特征。子组件的多面视图允许在串行反馈任务中独立描述与策略执行和反馈处理相关的认知过程，以及在传统并行反馈任务的多任务场景中描述与策略执行和反馈处理相关的认知过程。
Neurofeedback (NF) is a complex learning scenario, as the task consists of trying out mental strategies while processing a feedback signal that signifies activation in the brain area to be self-regulated and acts as a potential reward signal. In an attempt to dissect these subcomponents, we obtained whole-brain networks associated with efficient self-regulation in two paradigms: parallel, where the task was performed concurrently, combining feedback with strategy execution; and serial, where the task was performed consecutively, separating feedback processing from strategy execution. Twenty participants attempted to control their anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) NF in 18 sessions over 2 weeks, using cognitive and emotional mental strategies. We analyzed whole-brain fMRI activations in the NF training runs with the largest aMCC activation for the serial and parallel paradigms. The equal length of the strategy execution and the feedback processing periods in the serial paradigm allows a description of the two task subcomponents with equal power. The resulting activation maps were spatially correlated with functionally annotated intrinsic connectivity brain maps (BMs). Brain activation in the parallel condition correlates with the basal ganglia (BG) network, the cingulo-opercular network (CON), and the frontoparietal control network (FPCN); brain activation in the serial strategy execution condition with the default mode network (DMN), the FPCN, and the visual processing network; while brain activation in the serial feedback processing condition predominantly with the CON, the DMN, and the FPCN. Additional comparisons indicate that BG activation is characteristic to the parallel paradigm, while supramarginal gyrus (SMG) and superior temporal gyrus (STG) activations are characteristic to the serial paradigm. The multifaceted view of the subcomponents allows describing the cognitive processes associated with strategy execution and feedback processing independently in the serial feedback task and as combined processes in the multitasking scenario of the conventional parallel feedback task.
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