Equine Facial Action Coding System for determination of pain-related facial responses in videos of horses.
Equine Facial Action Coding System for determination of pain-related facial responses in videos of horses.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0231608
复制
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Andersen PH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rashid M;Silventoinen A;Gleerup KB;Andersen PH
在过去的十年里，已经为马开发了一些基于面部表情的疼痛评估工具。虽然所有的工具都集中在与耳朵、眼睛、鼻孔、嘴唇和下巴相关的可移动的面部肌肉上，但由于研究条件、描述和方法的不同，结果很难比较。我们使用为马改进的面部动作编码系统(FACS)(EquiFACS)对急性短期实验性疼痛(n=6)和预期有疼痛或无疼痛的临床病例(n=21)的视频记录进行编码和分析。用于分析的统计方法是一种改编自人类FACS方法的基于频率的方法，以及一种基于面部动作在不同长度的时隙中共同出现的新方法。我们首次使用EquiFACS在马疼痛的视频中描述了面部表情的变化。研究发现，耳旋(EAD104)、鼻孔扩张(AD38)和面部下部行为，特别是抬下巴(AU17)是重要的疼痛指标。内眉提升剂(AU101)和眼白增白剂(AD1)在实验和临床数据上的结果不太一致。频率统计确定了AUS、EADS和ADS，它们与之前的马痛研究确定的解剖区域和面部表情很好地对应。基于共现的方法还识别了疼痛特有但不频繁的下部面部行为，并在实验数据和临床数据之间显示出更好的概括性。特别是，咀嚼(AD81)被发现表明疼痛。最后，我们确定半眨眼频率的增加(AU47)是本研究中马疼痛的一个新指标。
During the last decade, a number of pain assessment tools based on facial expressions have been developed for horses. While all tools focus on moveable facial muscles related to the ears, eyes, nostrils, lips, and chin, results are difficult to compare due to differences in the research conditions, descriptions and methodologies. We used a Facial Action Coding System (FACS) modified for horses (EquiFACS) to code and analyse video recordings of acute short-term experimental pain (n = 6) and clinical cases expected to be in pain or without pain (n = 21). Statistical methods for analyses were a frequency based method adapted from human FACS approaches, and a novel method based on co-occurrence of facial actions in time slots of varying lengths. We describe for the first time changes in facial expressions using EquiFACS in video of horses with pain. The ear rotator (EAD104), nostril dilation (AD38) and lower face behaviours, particularly chin raiser (AU17), were found to be important pain indicators. The inner brow raiser (AU101) and eye white increase (AD1) had less consistent results across experimental and clinical data. Frequency statistics identified AUs, EADs and ADs that corresponded well to anatomical regions and facial expressions identified by previous horse pain research. The co-occurrence based method additionally identified lower face behaviors that were pain specific, but not frequent, and showed better generalization between experimental and clinical data. In particular, chewing (AD81) was found to be indicative of pain. Lastly, we identified increased frequency of half blink (AU47) as a new indicator of pain in the horses of this study.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Price, J;Catriona, S;Waran, NK
通讯作者：
Waran, NK
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Wathan, Jen;Burrows, Anne M.;McComb, Karen
通讯作者：
McComb, Karen
影响因子：
7.4
作者：
PRKACHIN, KM
通讯作者：
PRKACHIN, KM
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Lindegaard, Casper;Thomsen, Maj H.;Andersen, Pia H.
通讯作者：
Andersen, Pia H.
影响因子：
22.7
作者：
BRON, C;KERBOSCH, J
通讯作者：
KERBOSCH, J