Advantages and limitations of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in breaking down the role of the gut microbiome in multiple sclerosis.

Advantages and limitations of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in breaking down the role of the gut microbiome in multiple sclerosis.
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DOI:
10.3389/fnmol.2022.1019877
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
4.8
通讯作者:
Fonken, Cara
Fonken, Cara
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Melamed, Esther;Palmer, Jamie L.;Fonken, Cara

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自从世纪前第一个实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)模型被引入以来,关于使用EAE作为多发性硬化症(MS)模型的风险和益处一直存在持续的科学争论。虽然将EAE研究直接转化为人类患者存在明显的局限性,但EAE仍然是最广泛使用的MS模型,并且EAE研究为我们理解MS发病机制和发现MS治疗方法带来了多个关键突破。此外,EAE的见解使我们更好地了解了可能影响MS发生和进展的可改变的环境因素。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了MS患者和EAE研究如何比较我们对肠道微生物组,饮食,酒精,益生菌,抗生素和粪便微生物组移植在神经炎症中的作用的了解。最终,严格的EAE动物研究,新的生物信息学方法,人类细胞系的使用,以及实施有效的,年龄和性别匹配的随机对照MS患者试验的组合对于改善MS患者的结局和开发新的MS治疗方法以预防和逆转MS疾病进展至关重要。
Since the first model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was introduced almost a century ago, there has been an ongoing scientific debate about the risks and benefits of using EAE as a model of multiple sclerosis (MS). While there are notable limitations of translating EAE studies directly to human patients, EAE continues to be the most widely used model of MS, and EAE studies have contributed to multiple key breakthroughs in our understanding of MS pathogenesis and discovery of MS therapeutics. In addition, insights from EAE have led to a better understanding of modifiable environmental factors that can influence MS initiation and progression. In this review, we discuss how MS patient and EAE studies compare in our learning about the role of gut microbiome, diet, alcohol, probiotics, antibiotics, and fecal microbiome transplant in neuroinflammation. Ultimately, the combination of rigorous EAE animal studies, novel bioinformatic approaches, use of human cell lines, and implementation of well-powered, age- and sex-matched randomized controlled MS patient trials will be essential for improving MS patient outcomes and developing novel MS therapeutics to prevent and revert MS disease progression.
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