Monkeys represent others' knowledge but not their beliefs.

Monkeys represent others' knowledge but not their beliefs.
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猴子代表他人的知识,而不是他们的信念。

DOI:
10.1111/j.1467-7687.2011.01085.x
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发表时间:
2011-11
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Santos LR
Santos LR
中科院分区:
心理学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Marticorena DC;Ruiz AM;Mukerji C;Goddu A;Santos LR

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对他人错误信念进行推理的能力被经典地认为是全面理解他人精神生活的基准。虽然我们对理解他人信念的发展起源已经了解很多,但我们对这种能力的进化起源仍然知之甚少。在这里,我们研究非人类灵长类动物-特别是恒河猴(Macaca mulatta)-是否分享这种发展成就。我们给猕猴提供了一种错误信念理解的时间测量方法,这种方法最近被开发出来用于15个月大的人类婴儿。就像人类婴儿一样,当人类实验者在有准确知识的情况下未能搜索到正确的位置时,猴子会看得更久。然而,与婴儿相比,猴子似乎无法预测人类实验者在错误信念下的行为。在三项研究中,猕猴的结果模式与猴子可以代表他人的知识和无知,但不能代表他们的信仰的观点一致。因此,表达信念的能力可能是人类认知的一个独特标志。
The capacity to reason about the false beliefs of others is classically considered the benchmark for a fully fledged understanding of the mental lives of others. Although much is known about the developmental origins of our understanding of others’ beliefs, we still know much less about the evolutionary origins of this capacity. Here, we examine whether non-human primates – specifically, rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) – share this developmental achievement. We presented macaques with a looking-time measure of false belief understanding, one that had recently been developed for use with 15-month-old human infants. Like human infants, monkeys look longer when a human experimenter fails to search in the correct location when she has accurate knowledge. In contrast to infants, however, monkeys appear to make no prediction about how a human experimenter will act when she has a false belief. Across three studies, macaques’ pattern of results is consistent with the view that monkeys can represent the knowledge and ignorance of others, but not their beliefs. The capacity to represent beliefs may therefore be a unique hallmark of human cognition.
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发表时间: 2000-04-01
期刊: ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR
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