Evolutionary conserved microRNAs are ubiquitously expressed compared to tick-specific miRNAs in the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus.
Evolutionary conserved microRNAs are ubiquitously expressed compared to tick-specific miRNAs in the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus.
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2164-12-328
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发表时间：
2011-06-24
期刊：
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Bellgard M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barrero RA;Keeble-Gagnère G;Zhang B;Moolhuijzen P;Ikeo K;Tateno Y;Gojobori T;Guerrero FD;Lew-Tabor A;Bellgard M
微小RNA（microRNAs，miRNAs）是一类小的非编码RNA，在真核生物中起着基因表达调控因子的作用，参与多种生物学过程。miRNAs的发现为理解许多物种的生物学提供了新的机会。牛蜱，Rhipicephalus（Boophilus）microplus，在世界范围内的牛生产中造成重大的经济损失，这促使我们进一步了解其生物学，以便制定有效的控制措施。为了能够对牛蜱的生物学提供新的见解并扩大蜱miRNAs的库，我们利用Illumina技术对来自不同生命阶段和选定器官的小RNA转录组进行测序。微加。为了发现和分析牛蜱miRNAs，我们采用了两种互补的方法，一种旨在发现进化保守的miRNAs，另一种专注于发现新的牛蜱特异性miRNAs。我们发现了51个进化保守的R. microplus miRNA位点，其中36个先前在蜱肩突硬蜱中发现。大多数R.微小plus miRNA在整个进化过程中完全保守，其中11种、5种和15种分别自肾动物（640 MYA）、原口动物（620 MYA）和节足动物（540 MYA）祖先以来保守。然后，我们使用I. scapularis和R. microplus作为模板。共鉴定出36个新R. microplus miRNA位点中有12个在I.肩胛肌我们找到了87 R。microplus miRNA基因座中，这15个显示miRNA和miRNA* 序列的表达。R. microplus miRNAs的表达谱多样，进化保守的miRNAs主要在各个生命阶段以不同水平表达，而新型蜱特异性miRNAs的表达主要局限于特定的生命阶段和/或蜱器官。在R.与最近获得的那些miRNA相比，microplus谱系不仅倾向于积累最少量的核苷酸取代，而且与新型蜱特异性miRNA的有限表达谱相比，在蜱的生命阶段和器官中显示出普遍存在的表达谱。
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that act as regulators of gene expression in eukaryotes modulating a large diversity of biological processes. The discovery of miRNAs has provided new opportunities to understand the biology of a number of species. The cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, causes significant economic losses in cattle production worldwide and this drives us to further understand their biology so that effective control measures can be developed. To be able to provide new insights into the biology of cattle ticks and to expand the repertoire of tick miRNAs we utilized Illumina technology to sequence the small RNA transcriptomes derived from various life stages and selected organs of R. microplus. To discover and profile cattle tick miRNAs we employed two complementary approaches, one aiming to find evolutionary conserved miRNAs and another focused on the discovery of novel cattle-tick specific miRNAs. We found 51 evolutionary conserved R. microplus miRNA loci, with 36 of these previously found in the tick Ixodes scapularis. The majority of the R. microplus miRNAs are perfectly conserved throughout evolution with 11, 5 and 15 of these conserved since the Nephrozoan (640 MYA), Protostomian (620MYA) and Arthropoda (540 MYA) ancestor, respectively. We then employed a de novo computational screening for novel tick miRNAs using the draft genome of I. scapularis and genomic contigs of R. microplus as templates. This identified 36 novel R. microplus miRNA loci of which 12 were conserved in I. scapularis. Overall we found 87 R. microplus miRNA loci, of these 15 showed the expression of both miRNA and miRNA* sequences. R. microplus miRNAs showed a variety of expression profiles, with the evolutionary-conserved miRNAs mainly expressed in all life stages at various levels, while the expression of novel tick-specific miRNAs was mostly limited to particular life stages and/or tick organs. Anciently acquired miRNAs in the R. microplus lineage not only tend to accumulate the least amount of nucleotide substitutions as compared to those recently acquired miRNAs, but also show ubiquitous expression profiles through out tick life stages and organs contrasting with the restricted expression profiles of novel tick-specific miRNAs.
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