Sugar coordinates plant defense signaling.
Sugar coordinates plant defense signaling.
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DOI：
10.1126/sciadv.adk4131
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发表时间：
2024-01-26
期刊：
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
Mine, Akira
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yamada, Kohji;Mine, Akira
病原体识别会触发能量密集型防御系统。虽然成功的防御应该取决于能量的可用性，但代谢信息是如何传达给防御的仍不清楚。我们发现糖，尤其是葡萄糖-6-磷酸（G6P），在拟南芥协调防御中起着关键作用。在糖充足的条件下，钙依赖性蛋白激酶5 （CPK5）的磷酸化水平通过g6p介导的蛋白磷酸酶抑制而升高，增强了病原体入侵前的防御反应。随后，对细菌鞭毛蛋白的识别激活糖转运蛋白，导致细胞G6P增加，从而引发cpk5不依赖的信号传导，促进植物激素水杨酸（SA）的合成，用于抗菌防御。相比之下，虽然真菌几丁质的感知不会促进糖流或SA积累，但几丁质诱导的抗真菌化合物camalexin的合成需要基础糖流活性。通过监测糖水平，植物决定防御水平，并对细菌和真菌病原体执行适当的输出。总之，我们的发现为糖在防御中的作用提供了一个全面的观点。在植物中，对细菌和真菌病原体的防御输出的类型和幅度取决于细胞糖。
Pathogen recognition triggers energy-intensive defense systems. Although successful defense should depend on energy availability, how metabolic information is communicated to defense remains unclear. We show that sugar, especially glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), is critical in coordinating defense in Arabidopsis. Under sugar-sufficient conditions, phosphorylation levels of calcium-dependent protein kinase 5 (CPK5) are elevated by G6P-mediated suppression of protein phosphatases, enhancing defense responses before pathogen invasion. Subsequently, recognition of bacterial flagellin activates sugar transporters, leading to increased cellular G6P, which elicits CPK5-independent signaling promoting synthesis of the phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) for antibacterial defense. In contrast, while perception of fungal chitin does not promote sugar influx or SA accumulation, chitin-induced synthesis of the antifungal compound camalexin requires basal sugar influx activity. By monitoring sugar levels, plants determine defense levels and execute appropriate outputs against bacterial and fungal pathogens. Together, our findings provide a comprehensive view of the roles of sugar in defense. In plants, the types and amplitudes of defense outputs against bacterial and fungal pathogens depend on cellular sugars.
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