Natural climate solutions.

Natural climate solutions.
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DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1710465114
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发表时间:
2017-10-31
影响因子:
11.1
通讯作者:
Fargione J
Fargione J
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Griscom BW;Adams J;Ellis PW;Houghton RA;Lomax G;Miteva DA;Schlesinger WH;Shoch D;Siikamäki JV;Smith P;Woodbury P;Zganjar C;Blackman A;Campari J;Conant RT;Delgado C;Elias P;Gopalakrishna T;Hamsik MR;Herrero M;Kiesecker J;Landis E;Laestadius L;Leavitt SM;Minnemeyer S;Polasky S;Potapov P;Putz FE;Sanderman J;Silvius M;Wollenberg E;Fargione J

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大多数国家最近同意将全球平均气温上升幅度控制在2摄氏度以下。我们通过对“自然气候解决方案”(NCS)的综合分析,研究了自然在多大程度上有助于实现这一目标:20项保护、恢复和/或改善土地管理的行动,这些行动可以增加全球森林、湿地、草原和农业用地的碳储存和/或避免温室气体排放。我们表明,从现在到2030年,NCS可以提供超过三分之一的具有成本效益的气候缓解措施,以将升温稳定在2°C以下。除了大力减少化石燃料排放外,NCS还为各国提供了一套强有力的选择,以实现《巴黎气候协定》,同时提高土壤生产力,清洁空气和水,并保持生物多样性。要实现《巴黎气候协定》将升温控制在2摄氏度以下的目标,就需要更好地管理土地;然而,对于现有的一套具体的土地管理办法及其缓解潜力,人们仍然感到困惑。为了解决这个问题,我们确定并量化了“自然气候解决方案”(NCS): 20项保护、恢复和改善土地管理的行动,这些行动可以增加全球森林、湿地、草原和农业用地的碳储存和/或避免温室气体排放。我们发现,当受到粮食安全、纤维安全和生物多样性保护的限制时,ncs的最大潜力为23.8亿吨二氧化碳当量(PgCO2e) y - 1 (95% CI 20.3-37.4)。这比之前的估计高出30%以上,之前的估计没有包括这里考虑的全部选择和保障措施。假设到2030年二氧化碳污染的社会成本≥100美元,这个最大值的大约一半(11.3 PgCO2e y - 1)代表具有成本效益的气候减缓。到2030年,自然气候解决方案可以提供37%的具有成本效益的二氧化碳减排,从而有66%的机会将升温控制在2°C以下。三分之一的具有成本效益的NCS减排可以在10美元/毫克/二氧化碳−1或以下实现。大多数NCS行动如果得到有效实施,还可以提供水过滤、洪水缓冲、土壤健康、生物多样性栖息地和增强气候适应能力。要更好地限制NCS缓解估计的不确定性,仍需开展工作。尽管如此,本文报告的现有知识为立即采取全球行动改善生态系统管理作为气候变化的主要解决方案提供了坚实的基础。
Most nations recently agreed to hold global average temperature rise to well below 2 °C. We examine how much climate mitigation nature can contribute to this goal with a comprehensive analysis of “natural climate solutions” (NCS): 20 conservation, restoration, and/or improved land management actions that increase carbon storage and/or avoid greenhouse gas emissions across global forests, wetlands, grasslands, and agricultural lands. We show that NCS can provide over one-third of the cost-effective climate mitigation needed between now and 2030 to stabilize warming to below 2 °C. Alongside aggressive fossil fuel emissions reductions, NCS offer a powerful set of options for nations to deliver on the Paris Climate Agreement while improving soil productivity, cleaning our air and water, and maintaining biodiversity. Better stewardship of land is needed to achieve the Paris Climate Agreement goal of holding warming to below 2 °C; however, confusion persists about the specific set of land stewardship options available and their mitigation potential. To address this, we identify and quantify “natural climate solutions” (NCS): 20 conservation, restoration, and improved land management actions that increase carbon storage and/or avoid greenhouse gas emissions across global forests, wetlands, grasslands, and agricultural lands. We find that the maximum potential of NCS—when constrained by food security, fiber security, and biodiversity conservation—is 23.8 petagrams of CO2 equivalent (PgCO2e) y−1 (95% CI 20.3–37.4). This is ≥30% higher than prior estimates, which did not include the full range of options and safeguards considered here. About half of this maximum (11.3 PgCO2e y−1) represents cost-effective climate mitigation, assuming the social cost of CO2 pollution is ≥100 USD MgCO2e−1 by 2030. Natural climate solutions can provide 37% of cost-effective CO2 mitigation needed through 2030 for a >66% chance of holding warming to below 2 °C. One-third of this cost-effective NCS mitigation can be delivered at or below 10 USD MgCO2−1. Most NCS actions—if effectively implemented—also offer water filtration, flood buffering, soil health, biodiversity habitat, and enhanced climate resilience. Work remains to better constrain uncertainty of NCS mitigation estimates. Nevertheless, existing knowledge reported here provides a robust basis for immediate global action to improve ecosystem stewardship as a major solution to climate change.
DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2015.03.029
发表时间: 2015-09-01
影响因子: 6.6
作者:
Henderson, Benjamin B.;Gerber, Pierre J.;Conant, Richard T.
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影响因子: 11.1
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影响因子: 3.7
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通讯作者: Tomimura, Chisato
DOI: 10.1038/nclimate1354
发表时间: 2012-03-01
影响因子: 30.7
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发表时间: 2002-11-01
影响因子: 11.6
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