Human Norovirus NTPase Antagonizes Interferon-β Production by Interacting With IkB Kinase ε.

Human Norovirus NTPase Antagonizes Interferon-β Production by Interacting With IkB Kinase ε.
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人诺如病毒 NTPase 通过与 IkB 激酶 β 相互作用来拮抗干扰素 β 的产生。

DOI:
10.3389/fmicb.2021.687933
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
5.2
通讯作者:
Hu Q
Hu Q
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zheng Z;Li Y;Zhang M;Liu Y;Fu M;Gong S;Hu Q

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人诺如病毒(HumanNorovirus,HuNoV)是全球流行性急性胃肠炎的主要病原。I型干扰素(IFN)-α/β是高度有效的细胞因子,其最初被鉴定为在抗病毒防御中的重要作用。据报道,HuNoV感染不诱导IFN-β表达,但在人肠类和无菌猪模型中在IFN-β存在下受到控制,表明HuNoV可能已经开发了逃避对策。在这项研究中,我们发现GII.4 HuNoV的cDNA克隆(世界范围内主要流行的基因型)抑制IFN-β的产生,并鉴定了病毒NTR作为负责这种抑制的关键组分。HuNoV NTR不仅抑制IFN-β启动子的活性,而且抑制IFN-β的mRNA和蛋白质的产生。另外的研究表明,NTR抑制干扰素调节因子-3(IRF-3)的磷酸化和核转位,导致IFN-β启动子激活的抑制。在机制上,NTR与IkB激酶ε(IKKε)相互作用,IKK ε是IRF-3磷酸化的重要因子,这种相互作用阻断IKKε与未锚定的K48连接的多聚泛素链的结合,导致IKKε磷酸化的抑制。进一步的研究表明,与IKKε相互作用的NTR的1-179 aa结构域是抑制IFN-β产生的关键。我们的研究结果突出了HuNoV NTR在抑制IFN-β产生中的作用,为HuNoV如何逃避宿主先天免疫的新机制提供了见解。
Human norovirus (HuNoV) is the leading cause of epidemic acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Type I interferons (IFN)-α/β are highly potent cytokines that are initially identified for their essential roles in antiviral defense. It was reported that HuNoV infection did not induce IFN-β expression but was controlled in the presence of IFN-β in human intestinal enteroids and a gnotobiotic pig model, suggesting that HuNoV has likely developed evasion countermeasures. In this study, we found that a cDNA clone of GII.4 HuNoV, the predominantly circulating genotype worldwide, inhibits the production of IFN-β and identified the viral NTPase as a key component responsible for such inhibition. HuNoV NTPase not only inhibits the activity of IFN-β promoter but also the mRNA and protein production of IFN-β. Additional studies indicate that NTPase inhibits the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of interferon-regulatory factor-3 (IRF-3), leading to the suppression of IFN-β promoter activation. Mechanistically, NTPase interacts with IkB kinase ε (IKKε), an important factor for IRF-3 phosphorylation, and such interaction blocks the association of IKKε with unanchored K48-linked polyubiquitin chains, resulting in the inhibition of IKKε phosphorylation. Further studies demonstrated that the 1-179 aa domain of NTPase which interacts with IKKε is critical for the suppression of IFN-β production. Our findings highlight the role of HuNoV NTPase in the inhibition of IFN-β production, providing insights into a novel mechanism underlying how HuNoV evades the host innate immunity.
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