The long-term dynamics of invasive signal crayfish forcing of fluvial sediment supply via riverbank burrowing
The long-term dynamics of invasive signal crayfish forcing of fluvial sediment supply via riverbank burrowing
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入侵信号小龙虾通过河岸挖洞迫使河流沉积物供应的长期动态
DOI：
10.1016/j.geomorph.2023.108924
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Sanders C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sanders C
动物是沉积物动力学的重要驱动力。入侵信号小龙虾(Pacifastacus Leniusculus)已被证明通过在河岸挖洞向河流提供沉积物。挖洞直接将挖出的泥沙转移到河流中，还通过促进河岸坍塌而产生额外的间接影响。虽然以前的研究已经将洞穴的密度隔离在某个时间点上，但洞穴的建造率和侵蚀造成的洞穴损失率是未知的，这给估计泥沙洞穴对河流的贡献带来了不确定性。在这里，我们报告了一项为期5年的研究结果，该研究评估了小龙虾种群的时间动态，侵蚀造成的洞穴损失率，以及通过洞穴挖掘直接提供给河流的泥沙质量。在英格兰的五条低地溪流上，我们估计了1861个新的和以前建造的洞穴所取代的沉积物的质量。小龙虾和洞穴的密度都随着时间的推移而变化，这表明洞穴对河流系统的细微沉积物的贡献在时间上是不同的。42%的洞穴是在之前的365天内建造的，单个洞穴的平均持续时间为461天。将这一点应用于可比的历史数据，在研究河段平均挖掘了2.0亿吨−1a−1的沉积物来建造洞穴，这是之前研究估计的8倍。虽然每年的总洞穴密度与当代的小龙虾密度并不一致，但前一年挖掘的沉积物质量与当代的小龙虾密度密切相关。目前的细颗粒泥沙管理做法主要是为了控制细颗粒泥沙的输送，主要来自农业活动，但生物挖洞到河岸可能是细颗粒泥沙供应的一个重要而被忽视的来源。将生物过程纳入沉积物动力学将提高河流沉积物预算的准确性，并加强支持有效的细微沉积物管理做法的知识基础。
Animals are important drivers of sediment dynamics. Invasive signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) have been shown to supply sediment to rivers by burrowing into riverbanks. Burrowing directly transfers excavated sediment into the river and also has an additional indirect affect by promoting riverbank failure. While previous research has isolated burrow densities at a point in time, rates of burrow construction and of burrow loss due to erosion are unknown, which introduces uncertainty into estimates of how much sediment burrows contribute to rivers. Here we report results from a 5-year study that evaluated the temporal dynamics of crayfish populations, rates of burrow loss due to erosion, and the mass of sediment directly supplied to rivers by burrow excavation. At ten reaches across five lowland streams in England, we estimated the mass of sediment displaced by 1861 new and previously constructed burrows. Both crayfish and burrow densities were variable over time, suggesting that burrows contribute temporally variable amounts of fine sediment to riverine systems. 42 % of observed burrows were constructed within the previous 365 days, and individual burrows lasted on average 461 days. Applying this to comparable historical data, an average of 2.0 t km−1a−1of sediment was excavated to construct burrows in the study reaches, which is eight times more than estimated in previous studies. Whilst total burrow densities in each year were not consistently correlated with contemporary crayfish densities, the mass of sediment excavated over the prior year was strongly correlated with contemporary crayfish densities. Current fine sediment management practices are largely aimed at controlling fine sediment delivery, predominately from agricultural activities, but biotic burrowing into riverbanks may represent an important and overlooked source of fine sediment supply. Incorporation of biotic processes in sediment dynamics would improve the accuracy of fluvial sediment budgets and enhance the knowledge base underpinning effective fine-sediment management practices.
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