Anticipation in turn-taking: mechanisms and information sources.
Anticipation in turn-taking: mechanisms and information sources.
复制标题
DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00089
复制
发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
de Ruiter JP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Riest C;Jorschick AB;de Ruiter JP
在对话过程中，参与者在说话者和倾听者之间流畅地交替，只有短暂的停顿和重叠。关于谈话者如何做到这一点，有两种相互竞争的说法：(a)信号传导法和(b)预期（“投射”）法。我们想调查，首先，这两种说法的相对优点，其次，语义和句法信息对下一个回合开始时间的相对贡献。我们使用从自然对话中提取的回合片段进行了三个按键实验，以解决以下问题：(a)回合是主要基于预期还是反应，以及(b)语义和句法信息对准确的回合的相对贡献是什么。在我们的第一个实验中，我们逐渐操纵可用于预测转弯终点的信息（提前提供有关转弯终点的信息以完全去除语言信息）。我们的第一个实验结果表明，参与者对自然转弯终点的估计分布与纯预期的分布非常相似。我们得出的结论是，听众确实能够预料到转折的结束，这种策略主要用于轮流。在实验2中，我们收集了纯反应的反应。我们使用实验1和2的分布来估计一个新的因变量，称为反应预期比例。我们在第三个实验中使用了这个变量，我们通过低通过滤开放类和封闭类单词来控制语义和句法信息的存在与缺失。结果表明，转弯预测同时需要语义信息和句法信息，但语义信息是比句法信息更重要的预测线索。
During conversations participants alternate smoothly between speaker and hearer roles with only brief pauses and overlaps. There are two competing types of accounts about how conversationalists accomplish this: (a) the signaling approach and (b) the anticipatory (‘projection’) approach. We wanted to investigate, first, the relative merits of these two accounts, and second, the relative contribution of semantic and syntactic information to the timing of next turn initiation. We performed three button-press experiments using turn fragments taken from natural conversations to address the following questions: (a) Is turn-taking predominantly based on anticipation or on reaction, and (b) what is the relative contribution of semantic and syntactic information to accurate turn-taking. In our first experiment we gradually manipulated the information available for anticipation of the turn end (providing information about the turn end in advance to completely removing linguistic information). The results of our first experiment show that the distribution of the participants’ estimation of turn-endings for natural turns is very similar to the distribution for pure anticipation. We conclude that listeners are indeed able to anticipate a turn-end and that this strategy is predominantly used in turn-taking. In Experiment 2 we collected purely reacted responses. We used the distributions from Experiments 1 and 2 together to estimate a new dependent variable called Reaction Anticipation Proportion. We used this variable in our third experiment where we manipulated the presence vs. absence of semantic and syntactic information by low-pass filtering open-class and closed class words in the turn. The results suggest that for turn-end anticipation, both semantic and syntactic information are needed, but that the semantic information is a more important anticipation cue than syntactic information.
登录
查看更多内容
DOI：
10.1080/016909696387231
发表时间：
1996-02-01
期刊：
LANGUAGE AND COGNITIVE PROCESSES
影响因子：
--
作者：
Grosjean, F;Hirt, C
通讯作者：
Hirt, C
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Kedar, Y;Casasola, M;Lust, B
通讯作者：
Lust, B
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Keitel, Anne;Prinz, Wolfgang;Daum, Moritz M.
通讯作者：
Daum, Moritz M.
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Heldner, Mattias;Edlund, Jens
通讯作者：
Edlund, Jens
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Gravano, Agustin;Hirschberg, Julia
通讯作者：
Hirschberg, Julia