Recurrent loss of an immunity gene that protects Drosophila against a major natural parasite
Recurrent loss of an immunity gene that protects Drosophila against a major natural parasite
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保护果蝇免受主要天然寄生虫侵害的免疫基因反复丢失
DOI：
10.1101/2022.05.27.493757
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Arunkumar R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arunkumar R
免疫基因的多态对感染的易感性有很大影响。为了了解这种变异的起源，我们调查了对果蝇黑腹细小蜂寄生蜂的抗性的遗传基础。凝集素-24A基因的Acis调节多态在感染后取消了表达，大大降低了存活率。该基因还反复出现其他零突变，在自然界中会分离出额外的表达缺失和过早终止密码子。这些等位基因的频率差异很大，在一些种群中，自然选择已经将它们赶到了固定的边缘。我们的结论是，凝集素-24A的表达存在多效性成本，在某些群体中，这超过了抗药性的好处，导致自然选择导致这一重要免疫防御系统的反复丧失。意义陈述个体之间的遗传差异可能对传染病的易感性有很大影响。我们已经确定了一种名为凝集素-24A的基因，它在保护果蝇免受其主要天敌之一--寄生蜂的免疫反应中起着重要作用。然而，在自然界中，许多果蝇携带着这种基因的突变副本，这些副本不再具有功能。我们发现，这些功能丧失突变的高频率只能在它们在某些群体中具有选择性优势的情况下才能解释。因此，我们可以得出结论，这种免疫挑衅是代价高昂的，而且保持了易感性的遗传变异，因为在某些地方，易感果蝇比抗性果蝇更适合。
Polymorphisms in immunity genes can have large effects on susceptibility to infection. To understand the origins of this variation, we investigated the genetic basis of resistance to the parasitoid waspLeptopilina boulardiinDrosophila melanogaster. Acis-regulatory polymorphism in the geneLectin-24Aabolishes expression after infection, strongly reducing survival. Other null mutations have arisen repeatedly in this gene, with additional loss-of-expression and premature stop codons segregating in nature. The frequency of these alleles varies greatly, and in some populations natural selection has driven them near to fixation. We conclude that there is a pleiotropic cost toLectin-24Aexpression, and in some populations this outweighs the benefit of resistance, resulting in natural selection causing the repeated loss of this important immune defense.Significance StatementGenetic differences between individuals can have a large effect on susceptibility to infectious disease. We have identified a gene calledLectin-24Athat is important in the immune response that protects fruit flies against one of their main natural enemies—parasitic wasps. However, in nature many flies carry mutated copies of this gene that are no longer functional. We found that the high frequency of these loss-of-function mutations can only be explained if they have a selective advantage in some populations. Therefore, we can conclude that this immune defiance is costly, and genetic variation in susceptibility is maintained because in some locations susceptible flies are fitter than resistant flies.
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影响因子：
2.4
作者：
J. Varaldi;D. Lepetit
通讯作者：
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2000.1158
发表时间：
2000-07-22
影响因子：
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影响因子：
9.6
作者：
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影响因子：
6.7
作者：
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通讯作者：
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